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Observing Systems Division

Observing Systems Division
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The data in this release describe various aspects of the impacts of urbanization on evapotranspiration at local to global spatial scales. This data release is associated with the publication of these results in a concurrent journal article. Analyses in the journal article included comparisons between urban and non-urban ET in a variety of climate settings and spatial scales. Urbanization has been shown to locally increase the nighttime temperatures creating urban heat islands, which partly arise due to evapotranspiration (ET) reduction. It is unclear how the direction and magnitude of the change in local ET due to urbanization varies globally across different climatic regimes. This knowledge gap is critical, both...
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This data release contains time-lapse imagery taken at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gaging stations with associated hydrologic and meteorological data related to each image. These data are to help improve the development of models in detecting water elevation at a given stream gaging station. Images of the water surface and surroundings at USGS stream gaging stations were taken at varying time intervals ranging between every five minutes to an hour. Cameras used include trail cameras, web cameras, and the custom river imagery sensing (RISE) camera. Time-lapse images for each USGS stream gaging station are provided in compressed files (file extension .7z). These files are named in a format to identify the...
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A Bell 407 helicopter with a gyro-stabilized gimbal was used to collect aerial videos of Illinois River Water Science basin riverine study sites on June 7, 2022. Videos were collected during three flights on June 7, 2022 and focused on study sites along the Illinois River near Starved Rock. Photogrammetry techniques were used with the natural color video images to produce an orthomosaic map of the study reach.
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We used spatial data from previously mapped preferential groundwater discharges throughout the Farmington River watershed in Connecticut and Massachusetts (https://doi.org/10.5066/P915E8JY) to guide water sample collection at known locations of groundwater discharging to surface water. In 2017 and 2019 - 2021, samples were collected during general river baseflow conditions (July – November, <30.9 cms mean daily discharge (USGS gage 01189995, statistics 2010-2022) when the riverbank discharge points were exposed. We collected a suite of dissolved constituents and stable isotopes of water directly in the shallow saturated sediments of active points of discharge, and coincident stream chemical samples were also collected...
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The Neversink River watershed (above the Neversink Reservoir) has been a focus of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research regarding stream geochemistry, acidification, and ecology dynamics for decades. In 2019, the Water Mission Area Next Generation Water Observing Systems Program augmented the existing stream gage network there, including instrumentation to specifically characterize various aspects of groundwater discharge to streams. An important control on the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater discharge can be stream valley corridor depth to bedrock, otherwise conceptualized as the thickness of unconsolidated sediments sediments over the contiguous bedrock interface. In June 2019, and November 2020, passive...
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