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It is widely recognised that access to and supply of modern energy play a key role in poverty alleviation and sustainable development.The emerging concept of energisation seems to capture this idea, and if implemented in its full complexity it should have multiple beneficial effects. To demonstrate this, an economic model is developed for an urban developmental context, drawing on the theory of urban ecosystems and illustrating energy and waste production and consumption issues with current South African data sets. This new understanding of the concept of energisation is then integrated into a local government energy planning process, by means of a checklist for energy planners, covering 18 aspects that between...
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The USDA Agricultural Research Station-Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (ARS-HRSL) had developed a remote sensing method capable of measuring crop residue cover. This method utilized the cellulose absorption index (CAI) at the short wave infrared region of the spectrum to differentiate soil from plant residues. The method worked well in humid areas in Iowa, where it was calibrated and tested, but it had not been tested in the ecologically fragile, semi-arid conditions of the Northern Great Plains (NGP) region. The effectiveness of CAI in differentiating crop residue from soil was affected by different soil and residue moisture levels and soil spectral properties, and needed to be evaluated in the NGP agricultural...
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