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This report surveys the definitions of reserve services used in several countries and regions of Europe and the United States that have implemented competitive electricity markets. It also compares the technical specifications of these services. The systems considered are Great Britain, PJM, California, Spain, The Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium as well as UCTE as a whole.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: avian fatalities,
avian mortality,
collisions,
communication towers,
contaminants, All tags...
electrocutions,
fishing by-catch,
power lines,
vehicles,
wind turbines, Fewer tags
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Since the beginning of 2008, natural gas exploration activities in the Marcellus Shale Formation have increased significantly in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania—more than 2,349 wells have been drilled, primarily in the southwest, northeast and northcentral regions. In response to the increased number of well sites and concerns about the impact of the Marcellus Shale natural gas development activities on air quality, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP or Department) launched a short-term, screening-level air quality sampling initiative in the northcentral region in August 2010, culminating in December 2010. This report includes the findings of the screening air sampling surveys conducted...
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Based on observations, it is generally true to state, that the structure of implemented bioenergy projects is very diverse. It is true for i.a. size, technology, ownership, logic and acceptance. For most bioenergy projects socio-economics plays a great role, both at the planning stage, and in implementation and operation. In fact, many successful projects have drawn upon socio-economic drivers. This paper presents three planning models illustrating different approaches to such socio-economic drivers. A traditional model is the energy provision model or the cost minimising model, another the market orientation model or the profit maximising model, and the third is the joint implementation model or the participatory...
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