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Variation in the timing of migration to freshwaters to spawn is one important dimension of the life history variation within individual salmon stocks. That variable has important implications for developing sustainable fisheries that simultaneously exploit multiple populations within the same geographic area. We examined the variation in migration timing of adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha within the Togiak River system of southwest Alaska to determine whether fish that spawned in different habitats migrated into freshwater from the ocean at different times. In particular, we evaluated whether there were watershed-wide effects of body size, sex, spawning location, and year on the timing of spawning-run...
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As climate change intensifies, there is increasing interest in developing models that reduce uncertainties in projections of global climate and refine these projections to finer spatial scales. Forecasts of climate impacts on ecosystems are far more challenging and their uncertainties even larger because of a limited understanding of physical controls on biological systems. Management and conservation plans that explicitly account for changing climate are rare and even those generally rely on retrospective analyses rather than future scenarios of climatic conditions and associated responses of specific ecosystems. Using past biophysical relationships as a guide to predicting the impacts of future climate change...
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