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Quantitative understanding of groundwater and gas-rich fluid- and thermodynamics in volcanic areas is important for several reasons: 1) as a major source of hazard such as propellant in steam-driven explosions, lubricant in mudflows, and transport agent for toxic constituents such as arsenic and mercury that are dissolved from fresh volcanic rock, 2) groundwater pressure, temperature and chemical changes might signal one of the earliest warnings of volcanic unrest, 3) exploration and mining of geothermal energy and mineral deposits. Many of the geochemical, geodetic, and seismic signals measured at the ground surface as part of the volcano monitoring strategies have hydrothermal origins or magmatic origins modulated...
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Note: No formal accuracy tests were conducted and these data are disseminated to allow discussion related to methods. Sample Analyses: Samples were processed at both the USGS in Menlo Park, CA, and at UC Berkeley following established methodology for separating organic material from sinter (Howald et al., 2014; Lowenstern et al., 2016; Slagter et al., 2019). First, the exterior surface of each sample was removed using a rock saw, and then any further material was removed if there was any visible algal material in the interior of the sample. Second, samples underwent a series of chemical baths. Samples were crushed and soaked in 30% hydrogen peroxide for 48 hours to remove any remaining modern algae. Once cleaned,...
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Between March 2002 and May 2011 periodic water level measurements were made in the well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano using a 2,000-foot calibrated electric tape (Waterline Envirotech Ltd.) with graduations of 0.01 foot. Water level measurements resumed in March 2018. Calibration of the electric tape at the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) in November 2018 revealed a displacement of 0.29 feet over 1,980 feet of the electric tape. We therefore estimate that the accuracy of the water level measurements is 0.3 foot (±9 cm). Water level measurements were referenced to the top of the wellhead, located at 1103 meters above sea level at the time of drilling in 1973.
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Water chemistry data from: Young, H.W., Parliman, D.J. and Mariner, R.H., 1988. Chemical and hydrologic data for selected thermal-water wells and nonthermal springs in the Boise Area, southwesten Idaho: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-471, 35p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88471. Water chemistry data was digitized for 29 samples. Reported attributes include: Type, Collection date, Reported location, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Well depth, Temperature, pH, Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Total nitrogen (N total), Sodium (Na), Total phosphorus (P total),...
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The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, seventeen samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for volatile element compositions via x-ray fluorescence...
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