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Life history patterns and their associated tradeoffs influence population dynamics, as they determine how individuals allocate resources among competing demographic traits. Here we examined life history strategies in Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula; hereafter goldeneye), a cavity-nesting sea duck, in the northern boreal forest of interior Alaska, USA. We used multistate capture-mark-recapture models to estimate adult survival, breeding probability, first-year survival, and recruitment probability using a long-term nest box study (1997-2010). We detected marked variation in adult survival, which varied from 0.74 ± 0.12 (SE) to 0.93 ± 0.06. In contrast, breeding probability remained relatively high and invariant...
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