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Smelter slag containing copper and other trace elements is widespread in riverbed sediment of the upper Columbia River (UCR) of the United States. To evaluate potential risk to aquatic life concentrations of copper and other trace elements were measured in shallow pore-water and in river water samples collected near the sediment-water interface. Samples were collected using an in-situ pore-water profiler to collect a suite of four water samples from above, at, and below the sediment-water interface at each of 29 sampling locations; pore-water collected with a drive-point sampler at 10 additional locations; and Stabilized Liquid Membrane Device samplers (SLMDs) to allow determination of trace-element concentrations...
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Nitrate contamination of groundwater is widespread and persistent in the shallow surficial aquifer of northwestern Whatcom County where dairy farming and forage production is a primary land-use activity. Application of dairy manure to cropland is intended to provide nutrients for crop growth and improve soil quality with the ideal goal to match the rate of nutrient application to that rate of nutrient removal by the crop. A study to test an alternate strategy for scheduling manure application to fields based on hydrologic properties of specific soils and fields, measurements of manure and soil parameters, and current and forecasted precipitation for the three days immediately following manure application is being...
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