Based on observations, it is generally true to state, that the structure of implemented bioenergy projects is very diverse. It is true for i.a. size, technology, ownership, logic and acceptance. For most bioenergy projects socio-economics plays a great role, both at the planning stage, and in implementation and operation. In fact, many successful projects have drawn upon socio-economic drivers. This paper presents three planning models illustrating different approaches to such socio-economic drivers. A traditional model is the energy provision model or the cost minimising model, another the market orientation model or the profit maximising model, and the third is the joint implementation model or the participatory model. It is argued [...]
