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Blend-wall economics: Relaxing US ethanol regulations can lead to increased use of fossil fuels

Dates

Year
2010

Citation

Zhang, Z., Qiu, C., and Wetzstein, M., 2010, Blend-wall economics: Relaxing US ethanol regulations can lead to increased use of fossil fuels: Energy Policy, v. 38, iss. 7, p. 3426-3430.

Summary

The 165-km2 Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA) in west-central California includes 5,400 wind turbines, each rated to generate between 40 kW and 400 kW of electric power, or 580 MW total. Many birds residing or passing through the area are killed by collisions with these wind turbines. We searched for bird carcasses within 50 m of 4,074 wind turbines for periods ranging from 6 months to 4.5 years. Using mortality estimates adjusted for searcher detection and scavenger removal rates, we estimated the annual wind turbine–caused bird fatalities to number 67 (80% CI = 25–109) golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), 188 (80% CI = 116–259) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), 348 (80% CI = −49 to 749) American kestrels (Falco sparverius), [...]

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  • Western Energy Citation Clearinghouse

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Additional Information

Identifiers

Type Scheme Key
DOI WECC []
ISSN WECC 03014215

Citation Extension

citationTypeJournal Article
journalEnergy Policy
parts
typePages
value3426-3430
typeVolume
value38
typeIssue
value7

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