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Causal Assessment of Biological Impairment in the Little Floyd River, Iowa, USA

Dates

Year
2009

Citation

Haake, D.M., Wilton, T., Krier, K., Stewart, A.J., Cormier, S.M., 2009, Causal Assessment of Biological Impairment in the Little Floyd River, Iowa, USA: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, v. 16, 116 p.

Summary

An assessment of biological impairment in the Little Floyd River (Iowa, USA) was based on evidence of three characteristics of causation: co-occurrence, preceding causation, and sufficiency. Evidence of the physical interaction of the probable causes and the biota, resulting alterations to the biota, as well as the time order of the cause and the effect were consistent within the assessment, but the evidence for these causal characteristics did not discriminate among probable causes or other causes. Deposited sediment, low dissolved oxygen, heat stress, and ammonia toxicity are the probable causes of impaired biological condition in the Little Floyd River compared with other rivers in the ecoregion. Less likely causes are suspended [...]

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  • National and Regional Climate Adaptation Science Centers
  • Northeast CASC

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citationTypeJournal Article
journalHuman and Ecological Risk Assessment
parts
typePages
value116
typeVolume
value16

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