Collection and Analytical Methods

Citation

Elliott, S.M., Lee, K.E., Brigham, M.E., Langer, S.K., Trombley, M.M., Menheer, M.A., Furlong, E.T., Foreman, W.T., Jorgenson, Z.G., Choy, S.J., Moore, J.N., Banda, J.B., and Gefell, D.J., 2015, Chemicals of Emerging Concern in Water and Bottom Sediment in Great Lakes Areas of Concern, 2013—Analytical Methods, Collection Methods, Environmental Data, and Quality Assurance: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DF6P9D.

Summary

Collection Methods Methods used to collect environmental samples in 2013 followed methods used in previous years of the study and are provided in detail in Lee and others (2012) for data collected in 2010/11 and in Lee and others (2015) for data collected in 2012 for the same study. Briefly, water samples were collected from streams and lakes using a modified depth-integrated sampling method with a weighted bottle sampler fitted with a 1-liter, glass bottle. Bottom-sediment samples were collected to include the most recently deposited bottom-sediment deposition (top 10 centimeters) using a stainless steel Ekman dredge. All samples were collected with inert materials and sampling personnel avoided the use of personal-care items such [...]

Summary

Collection Methods

Methods used to collect environmental samples in 2013 followed methods used in previous years of the study and are provided in detail in Lee and others (2012) for data collected in 2010/11 and in Lee and others (2015) for data collected in 2012 for the same study. Briefly, water samples were collected from streams and lakes using a modified depth-integrated sampling method with a weighted bottle sampler fitted with a 1-liter, glass bottle. Bottom-sediment samples were collected to include the most recently deposited bottom-sediment deposition (top 10 centimeters) using a stainless steel Ekman dredge. All samples were collected with inert materials and sampling personnel avoided the use of personal-care items such as insect repellent, cologne, aftershave, and perfume.

Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

References:

Lee, K.E., Langer, S.K., Menheer, M.A., Foreman, W.T., Furlong, E.T., and Smith, S.G., 2012, Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in Great Lakes areas of concern, 2010 to 2011—Collection methods, analyses methods, quality assurance, and data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 723, 26 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/723/.

Lee, K.E., Langer, S.K., Menheer, M.A., Hansen, D.S., Foreman, W.T., Furlong, E.T., Jorgenson, Z.G., Choy S.J., Moore, J.N., Banda, JoAnn, Gefell, D.J., 2015, Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in the Great Lakes Basin, 2012—Collection methods, analytical methods, quality assurance, and study data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 910, 14 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds910.

Analytical Methods
Water samples were analyzed for more than 200 chemicals (See the table of 2013 Chemicals Analyzed on the home page) at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) using methods for wastewater compounds in unfiltered water (schedule 4433; Zaugg and others, 2006), steroid hormones, sterols, and bisphenol A in unfiltered water (schedule 4434; Foreman and others, 2012), pharmaceuticals in unfiltered water (research method 8244; Phillips and others, 2010), and pharmaceuticals in filtered water (schedule 2440; Furlong and others, 2014). Bottom-sediment samples were analyzed for more than 100 chemicals at the NWQL using methods for wastewater compounds (schedule 5433; Burkhardt and others, 2006), steroid hormones, sterols, and bisphenol A (research method 6434; described in Fischer and others, 2015), and pharmaceuticals and antidepressants (research method 9008; described in Lee and others, 2012; 2015).

Research method 8244 for pharmaceuticals in unfiltered water follows the method of schedule 4433 for wastewater compounds in unfiltered water; a more detailed method description, along with method performance in wastewater effluent is contained in Zaugg and others (2006).

Details for research method 9008 are provided as a downloadable file below.

In addition to the provided links for method descriptions within this directory, all analytical methods were described in Lee and others (2012) for data collected in  2010-11 and in Lee and others (2015) for data collected in 2012 for the same study.

References:

Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and ReVello, R.C., 2006, Determination of wastewater compounds in sediment and soil by pressurized solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B2, 40 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm5b2/.

Fischer, J.M., Phillips, P.J., Reilly, T.J., Focazio, M.J., Loftin, K.A., Benzel, W.M., Jones, D.K., Smalling, K.L., Fisher, S.C., Fisher, I.J., Iwanowicz, L.R., Romanok, K.M., Jenkins, D., Bowers, L., Boehlke, A., Foreman, W.T., Deetz, A.C., Carper, L.G., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Birdwell, J., 2015, Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 905, 42 p., plus CD-ROM, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds905.

Foreman, W.T., Gray, J.L., ReVello, R.C., Lindley, C.E., Losche, S.A., and Barber, L.B., 2012, Determination of steroid hormones and related compounds in filtered and unfiltered water by solid-phase extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B9, 118 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b9/.

Furlong, E.T., Noriega, M.C., Kanagy, C.J., Kanagy, L.K., Coffey, L.J., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2014, Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection–high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B10, 49 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm5B10.

Lee, K.E., Langer, S.K., Menheer, M.A., Foreman, W.T., Furlong, E.T., and Smith, S.G., 2012, Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in Great Lakes areas of concern, 2010 to 2011—Collection methods, analyses methods, quality assurance, and data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 723, 26 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/723/.

Lee, K.E., Langer, S.K., Menheer, M.A., Hansen, D.S., Foreman, W.T., Furlong, E.T., Jorgenson, Z.G., Choy S.J., Moore, J.N., Banda, JoAnn, Gefell, D.J., 2015, Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in the Great Lakes Basin, 2012—Collection methods, analytical methods, quality assurance, and study data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 910, 14 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds910.

Phillips, P.J., Smith, S.G., Kolpin, D.W., Zaugg, S.D., Buston, H.T., and Furlong, E.T., 2010, Method description, quality assurance, environmental data, and other information for analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-treatment-plant effluents, streamwater, and reservoirs, 2004-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1102, 36 p. [Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1102/.]

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., and Schroeder, M.P., 2006, Determination of wastewater compounds in whole water by continuous liquid–liquid extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B4, 30 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/05B04/.

Contacts

Author :: Sarah M Elliott, Kathy E Lee, Sue Langer, Molly M Trombley, Michael A Menheer, Mark E Brigham, Edward T Furlong, William T Foreman, Zachary Jorgenson, Steven Choy, Jeremy Moore, JoAnn Banda, Daniel J. Gefell
Point of Contact :: Sarah M Elliot
Distributor :: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Metadata Contact :: Sarah M Elliott
USGS Mission Area :: Water Resources
SDC Data Owner :: Upper Midwest Water Science Center

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Collection and Analytical Methods

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