Information about the condition of the land and related natural resources is needed at many different scales to inform decision makers. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) gathers rangeland on-site data as part of the National Resources Inventory (NRI). This report focuses on information derived from NRI rangeland data collected on-site 2004 to 2011. The findings reported here focus on key issues in rangeland science, including rangeland health, non-native plant species, non-native and native invasive plant species, bare ground, inter-canopy gaps and soil surface aggregate stability. Future reports will provide monitoring results based on data collected at revisited sites.