Grassland ecosystems established under the conservation reserve program (CRP) in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) currently provide soil conservation and wildlife habitat services. We aimed to determine if these lands also sequester soil organic carbon (SOC), as compared with neighboring croplands across multiple farms in the North Dakota PPR. We sampled soil from small plots at 17 private farms in the central North Dakota PPR, where long-term (C15 years) grasslands managed under the CRP were paired with neighboring annual croplands. Cores were collected to 100 cm and split into 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–70, and 70–100 cm soil depth layers. We hypothesized the effect of land use on soil organic carbon (SOC), root carbon (C), and bulk density would be greatest near the surface. For 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers, grasslands managed under the CRP were lower in bulk density andhigher in SOC. From 0 to 70 cm, grasslands managed under the CRP were higher in root C. Average (±standard error) SOC for re-established grasslands and croplands was 25.39 (0.91) and 21.90 (1.02), respectively, for the 0–10 cm soil layer and 19.88 (0.86) and 18.31 (0.82), respectively, for the 10–20 soil layer. Compared to croplands, re-established grasslands sampled in the North Dakota PPR were 3–13 % lower in bulk density and9–16 % higher in SOC from 0 to 20 cm, while root C was 2–6 times greater from 0 to 70 cm.
