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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed and implemented an algorithm that identifies burned areas in dense time series of Landsat image stacks to produce the Landsat Burned Area Essential Climate Variable (BAECV) products. The algorithm makes use of predictors derived from individual Landsat scenes, lagged reference conditions, and change metrics between the scene and reference conditions. Outputs of the BAECV algorithm consist of pixel-level burn probabilities for each Landsat scene, and annual burn probability, burn classification, and burn date composites. These products were generated for the conterminous United States for 1984 through 2015. These data are also available for download at https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/outgoing/baecv/BAECV_CONUS_v1.1_2017/...
Geospatial data were developed to characterize pre-fire biomass, burn severity, and biomass consumed for the Black Dragon Fire that burned in northern China in 1987. Pre-fire aboveground tree biomass (Mh/ha) raster data were derived by relating plot-level forest inventory data with pre-fire Landsat imagery from 1986 and 1987. Biomass data were generated for individual species: Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr. Kuzen), white birch (Betula platyphylla Suk), aspen (Populus davidiana Dode and Populus suaveolens Fischer), and Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litvinov). A raster layer of total aboveground tree biomass was also generated. Burned area was manually delineated using the normalized...
The Great Dismal Swamp (GDS) project is an application of USGS LandCarbon, at the US Fish and Wildlife Service's (FWS) Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), and is designed to produce local-scale carbon estimates (including fluxes, ecosystem balance, and long-term sequestration rate) to include in an ecosystem service assessment in support of Department of Interior (DOI) land management activities. The project will improve the understanding of the effects of past drainage, logging, farming, and management on carbon sequestration and fire risk in peatlands. Broad Science Questions: How are ecosystem services (including carbon sequestration, wildlife viewing, water quality, and others) impacted by management...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Atlantic White Cedar,
Carbon Flux,
Carbon Stock,
Disturbance,
Ecosystem Services,
Plot-level field data were collected in the summer of 2014 to estimate aboveground and belowground biomass in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and Dismal Swamp State Park in North Carolina and Virginia. Data were collected at 85 plots. The location of the center of each plot was recorded with a Trimble ProXH global positioning system (GPS) and differentially corrected. Data files included 1: GDS_plots.csv, 2. GDS_FWD.csv, 3. GDS_LWD.csv, 4. GDS_Shrubs.csv, 5. GDS_Trees.csv, and 6. GDS_plot_summaries.csv. The data contained in GDS_plot_summaries.csv were calculated from the GDS_plots.csv, GDS_FWD.csv, GDS_LWD.csv, GDS_Shrubs.csv, GDS_Trees.csv files using the R statistical software environment (R Core...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Biomass,
Botany,
Cover,
Duff,
Ecology,
Wildfire occurrence varies among regions and through time due to the long-term impacts of climate on fuel structure and short-term impacts on fuel flammability. Identifying the climatic conditions that trigger extensive fire years at regional scales can enable development of area burned models that are both spatially and temporally robust, which is crucial for understanding the impacts of past and future climate change. We identified region-specific thresholds in fire-season aridity that distinguish years with limited, moderate, and extensive area burned for 11 extensively forested ecoregions in the western United States. We developed a new area burned model using these relationships and demonstrate its application...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Public Summary: The area burned by wildfires is expected to increase in many watersheds of the world over the next century as a function of climate change. Increased sedimentation due to soil erosion in burned watersheds can negatively impact downstream aquatic ecosystems and the quality and supply of water. At least 65% of the water supply in the western USA originates in watersheds covered by trees, shrubs, and/or grasses that are prone to wildfire16. Understanding how changing fire frequency, extent, and location will affect watersheds, reservoirs, and the ecosystem services they supply to communities is therefore of great societal importance. A primary threat to socio-ecological systems in this region from...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Fire,
Northwest CASC,
Rivers, Streams and Lakes,
Water, Coasts and Ice
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed and implemented an algorithm that identifies burned areas in temporally dense time series of Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) scenes to produce the Landsat Burned Area Products. The algorithm uses predictors derived from individual ARD Landsat scenes, lagged reference conditions, and change metrics between the scene and reference conditions. Scene-level products include pixel-level burn probability (BP) and burn classification (BC) images corresponding to each Landsat image in the ARD time series. Annual composite products are also available by summarizing the scene-level products. Prior to generating annual composites, individual scenes that had > 0.010 burned proportion...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Burned area,
Landsat,
Prescribed fire,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
Detailed information about past fire history is critical for understanding fire impacts and risk, as well as prioritizing conservation and fire management actions. Yet, fire history information is neither consistently nor routinely tracked by many agencies and states, especially on private lands in the Southeast. Remote sensing data products offer opportunities to do so but require additional processing to condense and facilitate their use by land managers. Here, we propose to generate fire history metrics from the Landsat Burned Area Products for the southeastern US. We will develop code for a processing pipeline that utilizes USGS high-performance computing resources, evaluate Amazon cloud computing services,...
Categories: Project;
Tags: 2021,
All Funded Projects,
Computational Tools and Services,
Data Release,
Data and Information Assets,
Accurate maps of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) are critical for the development of effective land management policies, conducting risk assessments, and the mitigation of wildfire risk. Most WUI maps identify areas at risk from wildfire by overlaying coarse-scale housing data with land cover or vegetation data. However, it is unclear how well the current WUI mapping methods capture the patterns of building loss. We quantified the building loss in WUI disasters, and then compared how well census-based and point-based WUI maps captured the building loss. We examined the building loss in both WUI and non-WUI land-use types, and in relation to the core components of the United States Federal Register WUI definition:...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Interpretations of post-fire condition and rates of vegetation recovery can influence management priorities, actions, and perception of latent risks from landslides and floods. In this study, we used the Waldo Canyon fire (2012, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA) as a case study to explore how a time series (2011-2016) of high-resolution images can be used to delineate burn extent and severity, as well as quantify post-fire vegetation recovery. We applied an object-based approach to map burn severity and vegetation recovery using Worldview-2, 3, and QuickBird-2 imagery. The burned area was classified as 51% high, 20% moderate and 29% low burn-severity. Across the burn extent, the shrub cover class showed a rapid recovery,...
This data release provides output produced by a statistical, aridity threshold fire model for 11 extensively forested ecoregions in the western United States. We identified thresholds in fire-season climate water deficit (FSCWD) that distinguish years with limited, moderate, and extensive area burned for each ecoregion. We developed a new area burned model using these relationships and used it to simulate annual area burned using historical climate from 1980 - 2020 and output from global climate models (GCMs) from 1980 - 2099. The data release includes a comparison of mean annual FSCWD for 13 GCMs that we used to select five GCMs that bracket the range of conditions projected for the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario....
Forested areas in the Western U.S. that are impacted by disturbances such as fire and drought have increased in recent decades. This trend is likely to continue, with the increase in frequency and extent of wildfire activity being especially concerning. Resource managers need reliable scientific information to better understand wildfire occurrence, which can vary substantially across landscapes and throughout time. However, few scientific models capture this variability, and projections of future potential changes in fire occurrence can include some uncertainty. This uncertainty can limit our ability to anticipate potential wildfire impacts on society and ecological systems. Another method to help managers prepare...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2020,
CASC,
Completed,
Drought,
Drought,
Fire history metrics enable rapidly increasing amounts of burned area data to be collapsed into a handful of data layers that can be used efficiently by diverse stakeholders. In this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey's Landsat Burned Area product was used to identify burned area across CONUS over a 40-year period (1984-2023). The Landsat BA product was consolidated into a suite of annual BA products, which in-turn were used to calculate a series of contemporary fire history metrics (30 m resolution). Fire history metrics included: (1) fire frequency (FRQ), (2) time since last burn (TSLB) and (3) year of last burn (YLB), (4) longest fire-free interval (LFFI), and (5) average fire interval length (FIL). All metrics...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Landsat,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
burned area,
fire frequency,
Disturbance disrupts the balance between gross primary productivity and respiration, resulting in a net C loss for some time after a stand-replacing fire. However, our understanding of this process is based on a limited number of studies. Ecosystem C recovery post-fire must be explicitly and carefully examined in order to generate accurate predictions of C cycle impacts of future wildfires and change in fire regimes. Montane ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests, either single-species stands or mixed, dominate surface area in the Southern Rockies. These species have drastically different relationships with wildfire; the current narrative portrays ponderosa pine as accustomed to low-severity surface fires with low...
This data release provides inputs needed to run the LANDIS-II landscape change model, NECN and Base Fire extensions for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), USA, and simulation results that underlie figures and analysis in the accompanying publication. We ran LANDIS-II simulations for 112 years, from 1988-2100, using interpolated weather station data for 1988-2015 and downscaled output from 5 general circulation models (GCMs) for 2016-2100. We also included a control future scenario with years drawn from interpolated weather station data from 1980-2015. Model inputs include raster maps (250 × 250 m grid cells) of climate regions and tables of monthly temperature and precipitation for each climate region. We...
Landscape carbon (C) flux estimates are necessary for assessing the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to buffer further increases in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Advances in remote sensing have allowed for coarse-scale estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) (e.g., MODIS 17), yet efforts to assess spatial patterns in respiration lag behind those of GPP. Here, we demonstrate a method to predict growing season soil respiration at a regional scale in a forested ecosystem. We related field measurements (n=144) of growing season soil respiration across subalpine forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains ecoregion to a suite of biophysical predictors with a Random Forest model (30 m pixel size). We...
Post-fire shifts in vegetation composition will have broad ecological impacts. However, information characterizing post-fire recovery patterns and their drivers are lacking over large spatial extents. In this analysis we used Landsat imagery collected when snow cover (SCS) was present, in combination with growing season (GS) imagery, to distinguish evergreen vegetation from deciduous vegetation. We sought to (1) characterize patterns in the rate of post-fire, dual season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across the region, (2) relate remotely sensed patterns to field-measured patterns of re-vegetation, and (3) identify seasonally-specific drivers of post-fire rates of NDVI recovery. Rates of post-fire...
Starting in 2022, processing switched to the Collection 2 Landsat ARD data. Landsat Burned Area Products for 2022 based on Landsat Collection 2 data are available at: Hawbaker, T.J., Vanderhoof, M.K., Schimdt, G.L., and Picotte, J.P., 2023. The Landsat Collection 2 Burned Area Products for the conterminous United States, U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F26LY6 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed and implemented an algorithm that identifies burned areas in temporally-dense time series of Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) scenes to produce the Landsat Burned Area Products. The algorithm makes use of predictors derived from individual ARD Landsat scenes, lagged reference...
The disturbance team contributes to the goals of the LandCarbon project and conducts research focusing on 3 main components: (1) monitoring disturbance patterns and their impacts on carbon cycling, (2) understanding drivers creating the patterns and impacts, and (3) using scenarios of change to project future potential disturbance patterns, their interactions with other disturbances, and subsequent impacts on carbon cycling. Key research questions driving our work include: (1) Monitoring: How can remotely sensed, field-based, and other data best be used individually and synergistically to track changes in fire occurrence in ecosystem types with long fire-return intervals and the impacts on carbon? How do disturbances...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Carbon dynamics,
Carbon flux,
Carbon stock,
Disturbance,
Fire,
The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where urban development occurs in close proximity to wildland vegetation. We generated WUI maps for the conterminous U.S. using building point locations (Carlson et al. 2022), offering higher spatial resolution compared to previously developed WUI maps based on U.S. Census Bureau housing density data (Radeloff et al., 2017). Building point locations were obtained from a Microsoft product released in 2018, which classified building footprints based on high-resolution satellite imagery. Maps were also based on wildland vegetation mapped by the 2016 National Land Cover Dataset (Yang et al., 2018). The mapping algorithm utilized definitions of the WUI from the U.S. Federal...
Categories: Data;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
habitat alteration and disturbance,
habitat fragmentation,
human impacts,
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