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Files in this folder include: phase1 and phase2: directories containing input and output for the two simulations that were combined (from phase 1 and phase 2 of the eruption) to generate the deposit file displayed in Fig. 6c. DepositFile_ESRI_ASCII.txt A gridded file in ESRI ASCII format, containing the mass load in kg/m2 throughout the model domain from the combined phase-1 and phase2 eruptions. Header lines in the file indicate the (1) number of rows, (2) number of columns, (3) longitude of the lower left corner (i.e. the cell center of the lower left cell), (4) latitude of the lower left corner, (5) the cell spacing in dx and dy respectively, and (6) the no-data value. Data are written in 10f10.3...
We installed an eddy covariance station on July 10, 2018 at Bison Flat, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, WY to monitor variations in hydrothermal gas and heat emissions. Since then, this station has measured CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly basis. We also measured soil CO2 fluxes and temperatures on a grid using the accumulation chamber method and thermocouple probes, respectively, on July 11-12, 2018 and soil CO2 fluxes only on June 25, 2019. On July 10, 2018 and June 24, 2019, we collected fumarole gas samples for analysis of bulk chemical and carbon (d13C-CO2)...
Categories: Data;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
Yellowstone National Park,
eddy covariance,
gas,
Large numerical grid used for finite element and finite volume analysis of induced seismicity in Paradox Basin. The grid construction used the boundaries of three sub-horizontal surfaces; the topography, and the top and bottom of the production formation is determined from drilling and seismic reflection profiling, yielding the surface topography and thickness variations in these data throughout the domain. The cell dimensions in the north and east directions are 200 m and the horizontal gridlines are oriented north-south and east-west. There are 245 elements in the east west direction, 241 elements in the north south direction, and 31 elements in the vertical, extending from the surface to 15 km depth. The grid...
During 2018, Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, had a large effusive eruption (~1 cubic kilometer of lava) on the lower East Rift Zone that caused widespread destruction (Neal and others, 2019; Dietterich and others, 2021). This lower flank eruption was accompanied by one of the largest collapses of the summit caldera in two hundred years, with portions of the caldera floor subsiding more than 500 m (Anderson and others, 2019; Neal and others, 2019). On July 25, 2019, approximately one year after the summit collapse sequence, a small pond of water was first observed in the deepest portion of the collapse pit, within Halemaʻumaʻu crater (Nadeau and others, 2020). The water level rose gradually over the...
This release presents volcanic gas monitoring data from periodic surveys and temporary instrument deployments at Newberry Volcano, Oregon. Measurements of plume-gas and ambient air compositions were obtained using single-gas industrial hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors and with multi-GAS (multiple Gas Analyzer System; Aiuppa et al., 2005; Shinohara, 2005; Lewicki et al., 2017) instruments that measure water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and H2S abundances. Discrete multi-GAS surveys were completed in 2017 at East Lake hot springs and Paulina hot springs. In response to reports of anomalous degassing in the summer of 2020 more extensive discrete multi-GAS surveys were completed around Newberry...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Geochemistry,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology
The 1983-2018 Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, consisted of many different episodes and several phases of lava flows threatening residential areas (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). One of these crises occurred in 2014-2015, when lava erupting from Puʻuʻōʻō advanced north of the rift zone, towards the town of Pāhoa (Poland and others 2016; Brantley and others 2019). This slow-moving crisis unfolded over approximately four months, as pāhoehoe lava gradually flowed towards the town. In the end, the lava flow fortunately stalled at the edge of the residential area, destroying only one home. During the crisis, geologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano...
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and accompanying summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, comprised one of the most impactful events on the volcano in the past 200 years, with hundreds of homes destroyed and major changes in the topography of the summit caldera. The opening stages of this eruptive sequence started on 30 April, when a magmatic dike began moving east from Puʻuʻōʻō, a cone with a central crater that was the vent region for Kīlauea’s 35-year middle East Rift Zone eruption starting in 1983. The rapid migration of magma from beneath Puʻuʻōʻō caused its crater floor to drop over 300 m. This data release includes a three-dimensional model of Puʻuʻōʻō and the collapse crater, constructed...
This data release contains results of model simulations of a plume at Kilauea volcano that occurred on 20 December 2020. The ash-poor plume was produced when lava flowed into a water lake at the summit of Kilauea volcano. Simulations were conducted to constrain the conditions under which the plume rose to its observed height. The analysis and results are described in the accompanying paper: Cahalan RC, Mastin L, Van Eaton A, Hurwitz S, Smith AB, Dufek J, Solovitz SA, Patrick M, Schmith J, Parcheta C, Thelen W, Downs DT (2023 (in press)) Dynamics of the December 2020 ash-poor plume formed by lava-water interaction at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Kilauea volcano,
Kilauea volcano,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
biota,
The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, seventeen samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for volatile element compositions via x-ray fluorescence...
Database for the Geologic Map of the Bonanza Caldera Area, Northeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado
The San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado have long been recognized as a site of exceptionally voluminous mid-Tertiary volcanism, including at least 24 major ignimbrite sheets (each 150-5,000 km3) and associated caldera structures active at 33-23 Ma. More recent volcanologic and petrologic studies in the San Juan region have focused mainly on several ignimbrite-caldera systems: the southeastern area (Platoro complex), western calderas (Uncompahgre-Silverton-Lake City), the central cluster (La Garita-Creede calderas). The northeast San Juan region that was far less studied until recently occupies a transition between earlier volcanism in central Colorado and the larger-volume younger ignimbrite-caldera foci...
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Bonanza,
Colorado,
North America,
Saguache,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Data in this release record ground-surface positions obtained during post-disaster emergency response following the 2014 catastrophic Oso (SR 530) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington. Global Positioning System (GPS) data were collected using three USGS GPS-seismometer spider units deployed adjacent to (OSO1), upslope of (OSO2), and on (OSO3) the landslide (see image for locations) for about five weeks. Details of the post-disaster response as well as the spider units are described in the accompanying publication. Positions were determined in near real-time relative to a base-station GPS receiver (OSO0) located on stable ground less than 2 km from the landslide using static, differential GPS processing techniques....
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: GPS,
Geomorphology,
Oso,
Snohomish County,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand, is the most productive area of explosive silicic volcanism in the world. Faulted early and middle Pleistocene volcanic products are generally concealed beneath voluminous, generally unfaulted, younger volcanic products. An exception is the southeast margin of the TVZ where the two parallel, northeast-trending Paeroa and Te Weta Fault blocks expose Quaternary volcanic products consisting predominantly of caldera-related, rhyolitic ignimbrites and lacustrine sediments. The Taupo-Reporoa Basin is situated along the eastern part of the map area, and its northernmost part underwent collapse to form Reporoa Caldera. The Paeroa Fault block is the largest exposed fault block within...
Aerial photography surveys during and after the 2018 eruption of Veniaminof Volcano, Alaska were conducted to track the evolution of the lava flow field, active volcanic vent, and glacial ice loss from the eruption. Imagery from two surveys was processed with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetric methods to derive the digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos in this data release. The datasets cover the active volcanic cone and intracaldera ice cap, which both show significant topographic and groundcover change between surveys, and relative to previous topographic reference data, due to the 2018 eruption and variable snow and ice cover. A syn-eruption survey on September 26, 2018 was conducted by the...
Types: GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service,
Raster;
Tags: Alaska,
Glaciology,
Mount Veniaminof,
Remote Sensing,
Volcanology,
Mineral compositions are reported for Quaternary volcanic rocks of the Matan volcanic center, northern Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia. Compositions were measured by wavelength-dispersive methods with the 5-spectrometer JEOL-8900 electron microprobe at the USGS facility in Menlo Park, California; background-corrected X-ray intensities were reduced to oxide weight concentrations with the JEOL proprietary version of the CITZAF reduction schema. These results are part of a collaborative study by the U.S. Geological Survey and Saudi Geological survey to assess the volcanic and seismic hazards associated with the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field.
These processed data and provisional codes were created to investigate seismic velocity changes associated with the collapse of Kīlauea caldera during its 2018 eruption. Primary data (i.e., seismic waveforms) are hosted at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS; https://www.iris.edu/) and are ingested by the codes included here to reproduce the data analyzed in Hotovec-Ellis et al., 'Earthquake-derived seismic velocity changes during the 2018 caldera collapse of Kīlauea volcano.' The included code ('cwire' short for Coda Wave Interferometry with Repeating Earthquakes) takes a catalog of earthquakes clustered by waveform similarity (e.g., REDPy, https://github.com/ahotovec/REDPy/) and processes...
An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the density and vesicularity of selected lava and tephra samples collected from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site. The density of the basalt erupted was determined by measuring the weight of spatter and lava...
Categories: Data;
Tags: East Rift Zone,
Episode 56,
Father's Day event,
Hawaii,
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
The catastrophic, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, on May 18, 1980, is the most well-known eruption of the volcano. Less well known is the May 18th eruption marked the beginning of a period of eruptive activity that lasted through 1986. From October 1980 through October 1986, a series of 17 dome-building episodes added millions of cubic meters of lava to the crater floor. Most of the growth occurred when magma extruded onto the surface of the dome, forming short (650 to 1,300 feet), thick (65 to 130 feet) lava flows. This data release is a 1-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a corresponding hillshade raster derived from a previously unpublished 1:2,000 scale topographic contour...
This subdirectory contains data used in Figure 2, including: 1) polygons used to outline the volcanic cloud in Figure 2a 2) Model input and output used for the simulation displayed in Figure 2c. 3) Model input and output used for the simulation displayed in Figure 2d.
Files in this folder include: ash3d_input.inp The input file used in the Ash3d simulation that produced Figure 2c. Format of the input is as described in Mastin et al. (2013). CloudLoad_hhh.hhhrs.dat A series of files, in ESRI ASCII format, containing the cloud mass load at different times in the simulation, indicated by "hhh.hh" in the filename, where "hhh.hh" are the decimal number of hours since the eruption start. These are gridded data of cloud mass load in g/m2. Header lines in the file indicate the: (1) number of rows, (2) number of columns, (3) longitude of the lower left corner (i.e. the cell center of the lower left cell), (4) latitude of the lower left corner, (5) the cell spacing in dx...
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