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This dataset contains the non-freshwater specimens from the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database, which was established as a central repository for spatially referenced biogeographic accounts of introduced aquatic species. This dataset does not include any marine fish. The NAS program provides scientific reports, online/real-time queries, spatial data sets, regional contact lists, and general information. The data is made available for use by biologists, interagency groups, and the general public. The geographical coverage is the United States.
The Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) has suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation caused by dredging for navigation, peaking hydropower projects, and dam construction. This species requires clean hard substrate with stable daily flows for spawning, and needs connected river reaches for long-distance spawning migrations. Both of these needs have been disrupted by human activities in their range. This fish has disappeared from about 85 percent of its historic range in the Alabama and Tombigbee River systems. The Alabama Sturgeon was placed on the endangered species list in 2000.
The Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus) prefers small to medium, cool, clear, rubble- and gravel-bottomed streams. This type of habitat in streams is disappearing in parts of the region because of excessive sedimentation, altered water flows, and nutrient inputs from farming, mining, and urban development.
The Pinewoods Darter (Etheostoma mariae) is native to the Little Peedee River system in the Carolina Sandhills area where it is found in smaller, swift-flowing creeks with gravel bottoms and vegetation. This area is becoming increasingly altered by residential development, agriculture, lumbering, and damming of headwater streams, typically for golf course development. Additionally, the reintroduction and rapid expansion of beavers in this drainage is converting some of the critical flowing streams to small impoundments.
The Northern Madtom (Noturus stigmosus) is a small member of the catfish family that requires fast currents and complex rocky habitat. It faces a host of habitat threats including competition with invasive species, climate change, siltation, loss of habitat, excessive turbidity, and poor water quality. Channelization of small streams in this region is a significant threat to this species.
The Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) once ranged throughout the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers and requires moderate to swift rivers with both sand and rock substrates. This long-lived species, often living more than 50 years and growing to 90 pounds, requires un-fragmented river reaches to complete its life history. River channelization, bank stabilization, impoundments, and altered flow regimes have all negatively affected this species, which is listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The presence of multiple large dams on the Missouri River has truncated the distance the larvae can be free-floating and may cause them to settle out in the reservoirs and perish. Adult Pallid Sturgeon are not able...
There are nine large dams on the 652-mile (1,049-kilometer) Tennessee River. There are another 23 large dams on the tributaries to the Tennessee River. Protected areas in the region ensure the recovery of endangered and threatened species of animals and plants, including the Longnose Darter, Ozark Cavefish, and Ozark Cave Crayfish. Six large reservoirs were created by dams in the White River Basin, Arkansas, from 1911 through 1960 and required the displacement of a large number of people. Nearly 400 people in Baxter County, Arkansas, were displaced to make way for the reservoir created by the Norfork Dam. The town of Forsyth, Missouri, was relocated in its entirety to a spot 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) from its previous...
Historically, American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) spawned in virtually every river and tributary along the Atlantic coast and was relied on by Native Americans and early Europeans as a food source. Early declines in abundance of American Shad have been attributed to dam construction, overfishing and degradation of riverine habitats. Water pollution contributed to the decline and resulted in the almost complete disappearance of shad in many watersheds along the Atlantic Coast. The American Shad used to spawn as much as 300 miles upstream in some of the larger tributary watersheds such as the Susquehanna River; however many dams now block fish passage to their historic spawning grounds. Between 1998 and 2007, only...
The Arkansas Darter (Etheostoma cragini) is native to the Arkansas River drainage and is known to move extensively in this system in response to varying stream flows. It requires shallow water gravel habitat or woody debris for spawning. Stream dewatering and decreased flows caused by groundwater pumping have affected populations of this darter. Water quality degradation has also been an issue and is often the result of intensive livestock grazing and trampling of stream banks, application of animal wastes as fertilizer to cropland, salt-water intrusion into groundwater, and spills from concentrated animal feed operations.
Historical pictures and accounts document the substantial decline of Alligator Gar ( Atractosteus spatula) throughout its range. A number of factors likely contributed to the decline, including angler overharvest and habitat loss resulting from dredging and damming southern rivers. Alligator Gar was a highly sought sport and commercial fish by some but was targeted for eradication or control by others as a “trash fish.” Studies in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana have shown that the Alligator Gar is susceptible to overfishing. It has been classified as rare in Missouri, threatened in Illinois, and endangered in Arkansas and Kentucky, and is expected to soon to be classified as endangered in Tennessee. Populations...
The Blackbanded Sunfish ( Enneacanthus chaetodon) inhabits acidic swamps, backwaters, and ponds. Although once a widespread species, it is disappearing from much of its former range. Forest clearing, loss of beavers, liming of farm fields, and stream channelization have reduced the amount of habitat available for this rare species.
This dataset is a compilation of Flathead Catfish occurrence data from museums, literature, and state agencies. Sources include museums that are members of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, VertNet, FishNet2, state fish books, state reports, state stocking data for states surrounding the Great Lakes, and historical literature.
The Missouri River is the longest river (2,341 miles or 3,767 kilometers) in North America and, in this region, forms the boundary of South Dakota and Nebraska and, after being joined by the James River from the north, forms the Iowa/Nebraska boundary. The longest tributary of the Missouri is the Platte River (310 main-stem miles (499 kilometers) and 1,050 miles (1,690 kilometers) including the longest main tributary), which joins from the west. Nebraska has the largest aquifer (underground lake/water supply) in the United States, the Ogalala aquifer, and has more subsurface groundwater reserves than any other State in the continental United States. Nebraska’s name originates from an Oto Indian word meaning “flat...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Facts,
NorthernPlainsRegion,
NorthernPlainsStates
Aquatic vegetation is the key to Bridle Shiner (Notropis bifrenatus) survival. The loss of aquatic vegetation makes this species vulnerable to predation, often by piscivorous fishes. Land use practices that increase turbidity also affect this visual predator.
The Topeka Shiner ( Notropis topeka ) requires prairie streams or oxbows that have good water quality and cool to moderate temperatures. Land practices that increase siltation, such as agricultural use, clear-cut logging, urban development, and intensive grazing, have negatively affected this fish species which is now listed as endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act. Excessive sedimentation from poorly planned and controlled human development covers fish eggs, reduces instream cover, and fills in gravel areas needed for feeding.
The Sacramento River represents by far the largest population of returning Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). There are four distinct spawning runs of Chinook Salmon; fall, late fall, winter, and spring. Historically, maximum spawning runs in the Central Valley approached 2 million salmon including: 100,000 late-fall fish; 200,000 winter fish; 700,000 spring fish; and 900,000 early fall fish. Current spawning sizes are a fragment of historic numbers and some of the spawning runs are listed stocks under the Federal Endangered Species Act. In 2009, total Chinook Salmon spawning populations were fewer than 69,000 salmon including: 50,000 fall fish; 10,000 late-fall fish; 3,800 spring fish; and 4,700 winter...
Although Alaska has substantial intact habitats, issues quickly appear in areas associated with development. The Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) requires large intact reaches of river to thrive. Some populations are stressed in developed areas as a result of habitat loss due to poorly designed road crossings that fragment streams along with poorly conducted mining, agricultural, and forestry practices.
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
Alaska,
AlaskaRegion,
FishWithHabitatTrouble
Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is the largest species (maximum weight between 300-400 lbs.), longest lived (50-year-olds are common but can reach over 100 years in age), and among the slowest maturing species (first reproduction is between 15-25 years old) found in the Great Lakes region. Historically, this species had populations that numbered in the millions basin-wide but had been reduced to remnant populations by 1920 from overharvest; habitat destruction from river channel alteration, landscape scale logging, and pollution from industrialization; and barrier construction. The Lake Sturgeon requires clean rock substrates for spawning and often undertakes long migrations to complete its life history. Although...
The Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae) is one of a number of unique, lesser-known native bass species that have very restricted distributions. Juveniles and adults of this species require riffle and pool habitat with clean gravel substrate for spawning. Although the exact mechanism of population declines for this species has not been proven, the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint basin where Shoal Bass occur is the second-most impounded basin east of the Mississippi River, with more than 1,400 impoundments. The dams have fragmented and destroyed habitats through inundation, altered water flows, changed temperature regimes, and allowed the establishment of similar competing non-native basses, such as the Spotted...
The "Fish with Habitat Trouble" section of the National Fish Habitat Assessment is designed in a simple, summarized format to highlight how the impairment of fish habitat can and does directly affect fish in each region of the United States. The following considerations were taken to identify the subset of species used in the report. Initially a list of potential species for each region was developed by querying the American Fisheries Society’s Imperiled Fish database for species within each region that have a threat criteria of "1", which indicates that habitat loss is a reason the specie is imperiled. This list was verified and expanded by partner fisheries agencies and Fish Habitat Partnerships to ensure species...
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