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We used a stratified-random sampling approach to estimate the total abundance of Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) nest sites across Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, during 1-7 July 2019. We first identified strata as unique geographic areas of the refuge to account for potential differences in nesting habitat and non-uniform nest site clustering. We then sub-divided strata where we expected high, low, minimal, or no nest site abundance. These distinctions were based on knowledge of shearwater nesting distribution gained while performing extensive ground-searching for tropicbirds across the entire refuge in April and May 2019. We delineated strata boundaries using recent satellite...
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The U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center (USGS-WERC), with support from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), is working with many partners to generate an Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands. This atlas will provide benchmarks to measure future changes in seabird population sizes and breeding distribution throughout Hawai‘i and will also assist efforts to evaluate threats to Hawaiian seabirds both on land and at sea. Ultimately, species- and colony-specific data for main Hawaiian Island seabirds on land and at sea will inform evaluations of potential risk and options for mitigation strategies for effects of offshore energy infrastructure on seabirds. This ScienceBase...
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Predation and habitat degradation by non-native species are principal terrestrial threats to the federally endangered Hawaiian Petrel (ʻuaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis) and Hawaiian Goose (nēnē, Branta sandvicensis) within Haleakalā National Park (HALE), Maui, Hawaiʻi. Since 1981, HALE has maintained a network of live-traps to control invasive mammalian predators and protect these endangered birds. To continue evaluations of trapping efficiency in HALE, we analyzed 2000 - 2014 trap events. Trap events were divided up into six event types classified into three event categories: no event, other event [bait lost, or trap triggered], or predator event [rat, cat, or mongoose caught]. Event type analysis was divided up...
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This file contains the flight trackline Global Positioning System (GPS) point data from the aerial surveys. Surveys were flown at 60 meters (200 feet) above sea level at 160 kilometers per hour (90 knots) ground speed. The surveys were flown in a high-winged, twin engine Partenavia PN 68 Observer aircraft following methods developed for seabirds by Briggs et al. (1987). GPS points were recorded every five seconds to allow adequate spatial coverage of the trackline (222 meters is traversed every five seconds at the survey speed of 160 kilometers per hour) and to limit the size of the resulting data files. Data was collected using a laptop computer running the program dLOG (R.G. Ford Consulting, Inc.) that allowed...
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Broad survey lines, island radial survey lines, coastal survey lines, and focal-area (Santa Barbara Channel) survey lines were surveyed during each oceanographic season: spring (May), fall (September), and winter (January) during 1999 (May and September), 2000 (January, May, September), 2001 (January May, September), and 2002 (January). Aerial survey methods follow Mason et al. (2007). Specifically, we recorded all sightings of marine animals, vessels, and floating objects from twin-engine, high wing aircraft (Partenavia P-68s, Aspen Helicopters, Oxnard, CA, or California Department of Fish and Game) along pre-determined 100-meter (50 meters per side) strip transects at 60 meters above sea level. Surveys were flown...
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Two metrics were used to determine Collision Vulnerability: Macro-avoidance and habitat flexibility. Macro-avoidance (MA)—The macro-avoidance values for species indicate the species-specific probability of avoidance for birds associated with wind power infrastructure. For each species, we derived this value from observed macro-avoidance rates (via human observation and radar) at existing offshore wind power sites. In cases where species-specific data were not available, we used information from similar taxa. Habitat Flexibility (HF)—the degree to which a species shows habitat-specific feeding strategies (habitat flexibility) influences its vulnerability for displacement by offshore infrastructure. We evaluated literature...
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Six metrics were used to determine Population Vulnerability: global population size, annual occurrence in the California Current System (CCS), percent of the population present in the CCS, threat status, breeding score, and annual adult survival. Global Population size (POP)—to determine population size estimates for each species we gathered information tabulated by American Bird Conservancy, Birdlife International, and other primary sources. Proportion of Population in CCS (CCSpop)—for each species, we generated the population size within the CCS by averaging region-wide population estimates, or by combining state estimates for California, Oregon, and Washington for each species (if estimates were not available...
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Recent interest has increased related to developing alternative sources of renewable energy to reduce dependence on oil. Some of those sources will include power generation infrastructure and support activities located within continental shelf waters, and potentially within deeper waters off the U.S. Pacific coast and beyond state waters (i.e., outside three nautical miles). Currently, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is considering renewable energy proposals off the coast of Oregon. The 2011-2012 Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA) project is intended to provide new information on species composition, distribution, abundance, seasonal variation, and habitat utilization among...
During 8-11 April, 13-18 May, and 1-7 July 2019, we censused Red-tailed (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed (P. lepturus) tropicbird nests in Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, by searching all foot-accessible areas and by searching all cliffs and islets with spotting scopes from remote vantage points. We censused over the course of three visits to account for prolonged and asynchronous nesting. For ground searching, we used previous nest census results, recommendations from the previous Refuge biologist, and our knowledge of tropicbird nesting habitat, to focus searches in areas where nesting was likely: along cliff edges and steep slopes, particularly at the base of ironwood trees (Casuarina...
    map background search result map search result map Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA) GIS Resource Database At-Sea Aerial Survey GPS Points in Southern California, 1999-2002 At-Sea Aerial Survey Species Observations in Southern California, 1999-2002 Displacement vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Population vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Trap records used to analyze trends in mammalian predator control trapping events intended to protect ground-nesting, endangered birds at Haleakalā National Park, Hawai'i (2000 - 2014) Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands 4. GPS tracks of ground search effort for nesting Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbird (P. lepturus) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 6. Strata boundaries for nesting Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 4. GPS tracks of ground search effort for nesting Red-tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed Tropicbird (P. lepturus) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 6. Strata boundaries for nesting Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) surveys at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kauaʻi, in 2019 Atlas of Breeding Seabirds of the Main Hawaiian Islands At-Sea Aerial Survey Species Observations in Southern California, 1999-2002 At-Sea Aerial Survey GPS Points in Southern California, 1999-2002 Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA) GIS Resource Database Displacement vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System Population vulnerability of marine birds within the California Current System