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Broad survey lines, island radial survey lines, coastal survey lines, and focal-area (Santa Barbara Channel) survey lines were surveyed during each oceanographic season: spring (May), fall (September), and winter (January) during 1999 (May and September), 2000 (January, May, September), 2001 (January May, September), and 2002 (January). Aerial survey methods follow Mason et al. (2007). Specifically, we recorded all sightings of marine animals, vessels, and floating objects from twin-engine, high wing aircraft (Partenavia P-68s, Aspen Helicopters, Oxnard, CA, or California Department of Fish and Game) along pre-determined 100-meter (50 meters per side) strip transects at 60 meters above sea level. Surveys were flown...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: At-sea survey,
California,
Marine bird,
Seabird,
Southern California bight,
Two metrics were used to determine Collision Vulnerability: Macro-avoidance and habitat flexibility. Macro-avoidance (MA)—The macro-avoidance values for species indicate the species-specific probability of avoidance for birds associated with wind power infrastructure. For each species, we derived this value from observed macro-avoidance rates (via human observation and radar) at existing offshore wind power sites. In cases where species-specific data were not available, we used information from similar taxa. Habitat Flexibility (HF)—the degree to which a species shows habitat-specific feeding strategies (habitat flexibility) influences its vulnerability for displacement by offshore infrastructure. We evaluated literature...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Biota,
California,
California Current System,
Environment,
Ocean wind energy,
Six metrics were used to determine Population Vulnerability: global population size, annual occurrence in the California Current System (CCS), percent of the population present in the CCS, threat status, breeding score, and annual adult survival. Global Population size (POP)—to determine population size estimates for each species we gathered information tabulated by American Bird Conservancy, Birdlife International, and other primary sources. Proportion of Population in CCS (CCSpop)—for each species, we generated the population size within the CCS by averaging region-wide population estimates, or by combining state estimates for California, Oregon, and Washington for each species (if estimates were not available...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Biota,
California,
California Current System,
Environment,
Ocean wind energy,
Recent interest has increased related to developing alternative sources of renewable energy to reduce dependence on oil. Some of those sources will include power generation infrastructure and support activities located within continental shelf waters, and potentially within deeper waters off the U.S. Pacific coast and beyond state waters (i.e., outside three nautical miles). Currently, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is considering renewable energy proposals off the coast of Oregon. The 2011-2012 Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA) project is intended to provide new information on species composition, distribution, abundance, seasonal variation, and habitat utilization among...
During 8-11 April, 13-18 May, and 1-7 July 2019, we censused Red-tailed (Phaethon rubricauda) and White-tailed (P. lepturus) tropicbird nests in Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, by searching all foot-accessible areas and by searching all cliffs and islets with spotting scopes from remote vantage points. We censused over the course of three visits to account for prolonged and asynchronous nesting. For ground searching, we used previous nest census results, recommendations from the previous Refuge biologist, and our knowledge of tropicbird nesting habitat, to focus searches in areas where nesting was likely: along cliff edges and steep slopes, particularly at the base of ironwood trees (Casuarina...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Kauai,
USGS-EMA-LOW-SB SMC: Seabirds,
animal and plant census,
biota
We used a stratified-random sampling approach to estimate the total abundance of Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica) nest sites across Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi, in 2019. To estimate stratum-specific nest site abundance, we generated randomly located, non-overlapping circular plots within several sampling strata. We set plot radius to 5 m in most strata, except for some portions of Kīlauea Point where a 3-m radius was used to accommodate narrow strips of habitat. We generated enough plots to survey 10 percent of total stratum area where we expected high nest site abundance, and 5 percent of stratum area where expected nest site abundance was low or minimal. This data table contains...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Kauai,
USGS-EMA-LOW-SB SMC: Seabirds,
animal and plant census,
biota,
plot sampling
During 13-18 May, 2019, we censused Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge (KPNWR), Kauaʻi. To evaluate ground-based visual counts and assess variability among methods, we employed photographic techniques to count nesting Red-footed Boobies at KPNWR in three distinct sub-colony areas: Crater Hill East, Crater Hill Interior, and Crater Hill West (see associated data series report for delineation of sub-colony areas). For ground-based photos, we used a Sony a7rii camera (42 megapixel full-frame) equipped with a Sony 100-400 mm F4.5-5.6G lens to allow sufficient resolution to count nests and birds. We achieved pixel resolutions (as a function of camera resolution, focal length, and...
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