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The Urban Influence measure developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS) identifies metropolitan counties by population size and outlines where natural area and urban boundaries exist. This can help to indicate where increased stresses on ecosystem services may occur.The boundaries between urban, rural, and natural areas in Appalachia are increasingly defined by the accelerated demand for ecosystem services from growing urban populations. Increases in “urbanness” not only stress the capacity of affected landscapes to provide ecosystem services, but also magnify the pressure on nearby natural areas to provide those services to more people. However, opportunities exist for...
Pacific trout Oncorhynchus spp. in western North America are strongly valued in ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural views, and have been the subject of substantial research and conservation efforts. Despite this, the understanding of their evolutionary histories, overall diversity, and challenges to their conservation is incomplete. We review the state of knowledge on these important issues, focusing on Pacific trout in the genus Oncorhynchus. Although most research on salmonid fishes emphasizes Pacific salmon, we focus on Pacific trout because they share a common evolutionary history, and many taxa in western North America have not been formally described, particularly in the southern extent of their ranges....
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Quantitative studies focusing on the collection of semibuoyant fish eggs, which are associated with a pelagic broadcast-spawning reproductive strategy, are often conducted to evaluate reproductive success. Many of the fishes in this reproductive guild have suffered significant reductions in range and abundance. However, the efficiency of the sampling gear used to evaluate reproduction is often unknown and renders interpretation of the data from these studies difficult. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of a modified Moore egg collector (MEC) using field and laboratory trials. Gear efficiency was assessed by releasing a known quantity of gellan beads with a specific gravity similar to that of eggs from representatives...
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Climate change poses major challenges for conservation and management because it alters the area, quality, and spatial distribution of habitat for natural populations. To assess species’ vulnerability to climate change and target ongoing conservation investments, researchers and managers often consider the effects of projected changes in climate and land use on future habitat availability and quality and the uncertainty associated with these projections. Here, we draw on tools from hydrology and climate science to project the impact of climate change on the density of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of the USA, a critical area for breeding waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. We evaluate the potential...
Managers and scientists are working together in a new project to understand and optimally manage conservation lands along the Atlanta and Mississippi Flyways to support continental populations of waterbirds. It will advance the development of an integrated waterbird monitoring and management program to inform decision-makers and resource managers in an adaptive management context, resulting in improved resource contributions toward waterfowl, shorebirds, and long-legged waders. This project uses adaptive management and modeling tin an innovative way that incorporates their management expertise as well as new conservation planning and modeling tools. We are focusing on wetland-dependent migratory birds that use the...
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A key challenge in aquatic restoration efforts is documenting locations where ecological connectivity is disrupted in water bodies that are dammed or crossed by roads (road crossings). To prioritize actions aimed at restoring connectivity, we argue that there is a need for systematic inventories of these potential barriers at regional and national scales. Here, we address this limitation for the North American Great Lakes basin by compiling the best available spatial data on the locations of dams and road crossings. Our spatial database documents 38 times as many road crossings as dams in the Great Lakes basin, and case studies indicate that, on average, only 36% of road crossings in the area are fully passable...
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Developing conservation strategies for threatened species increasingly requires understanding vulnerabilities to climate change, in terms of both demographic sensitivities to climatic and other environmental factors, and exposure to variability in those factors over time and space. Weconducted a range-wide, spatially explicit climate change vulnerability assessment for Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus), a declining endemic species in a region showing strong environmental change. Using active season and winter adult survival estimates derived from 17 data sets throughout the species’ range, we identified demographic sensitivities to winter drought, maximum precipitation during the summer, and the proportion...
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Conservation of biological communities requires accurate estimates of abundance for multiple species. Recent advances in estimating abundance of multiple species, such as Bayesian multispecies N-mixture models, account for multiple sources of variation, including detection error. However, false-positiveerrors (misidentification or double counts), which are prevalent in multispecies data sets, remain largely unaddressed. The dependent-double observer (DDO) method is an emerging method that both accounts for detection error and is suggested to reduce the occurrence of false positives because it relies on two observers working collaboratively to identify individuals. To date, the DDO method has not been combined with...
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This 1996 publication by John I. Hodges, James G. King, Bruce Conant, and Henry A. Hanson summarized population abundance trends of waterfowl, loons, and sandhill cranes from data collected in the Alaska strata (i.e., strata 1-11) of the North American Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey during 1957-1994. The authors also presented results of analyses that compared the detection rates of right- vs. left-seat observers (i.e., with vs. without piloting duties).
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Throughout the Caribbean, conservation is ecologically, politically, and sociallychallenging due to a number of factors including globalization, climate change, loss ofbiodiversity, and the spread of invasive species. Relationships between organizations andinstitutions that govern the region’s natural and cultural resources are key to conservationsuccess as partners work to implement plans to meet science, capacity, and informationneeds. However, the complex challenges involved in conservation work and tenuous relationshipsamong organizations can result in a “knowing–doing gap”. Empirical evidencefrom 130 Caribbean conservation organizations indicates that barriers to bridging this gapare lack of information and...
Studies of multiple taxa across broad-scales suggest that species distributions are shifting poleward in response to global climate change. Recognizing the influence of distribution shifts on population indices will be an important part of interpreting trends within management units because current practice often assumes that changes in local populations reflect local habitat conditions. However, the individual- and population-level processes that drive distribution shifts may occur across a large, regional scale and have little to do with the habitats within the management unit. We examined the latitudinal center of abundance for the winter distributions of six western North America raptor species using Christmas...
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Efforts to model and predict long-term variations in climate, based on scientific understanding of climatological processes, have grown rapidly in their sophistication to the point that models can be used to develop reasonable expectations of regional climate change. This is important because our ability to assess the potential consequences of a changing climate for particular ecosystems or regions depends on having realistic expectations about the kinds and severity of change to which a region may be exposed.The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is a collaborative climate modeling research effort coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).This is the most recent phase...
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This study quantitatively explores whether land cover changes have a substantive impact on simulated streamflow within the tropical island setting of Puerto Rico. The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to compare streamflow simulations based on five static parameterizations of land cover with those based on dynamically varying parameters derived from four land cover scenes for the period 1953-2012. The PRMS simulations based on static land cover illustrated consistent differences in simulated streamflow across the island. It was determined that the scale of the analysis makes a difference: large regions with localized areas that have undergone dramatic land cover change may show negligible difference...
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Wetland hydroperiod, the length of time water is available in wetlands, is sensitive to changes in precipitation, temperature and timing due to climate variation. Truncated hydroperiod has major implications for wetland-dependent species (e.g., waterfowl, amphibians) and human water allocation (PPP LCC Need 1). To characterize wetland hydroperiod in the Plains and Prairie Pothole Region, we first identify location and hydroperiod of wetlands using field-based and remotely sensed training data (RapidEye, Landsat). We define hydroperiod as wetland ephemerality, where ephemerality represents the persistence of a wetland across the growing season. We then link hydroperiod to climatic variation by relating climate time-series...
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Executive summary: Tamarisk control and removal has become a priority of riparian ecosystem management, due in part to its potential negative impacts on stream flow and groundwater recharge. Among the most controversial, and potentially most effective tamarisk control approaches is the introduction of the tamarisk leaf beetle, Diorhabda carinulata. The beetle has spread throughout virtually the entire upper Colorado River Basin, established major populations at Lake Mead in 2012, and is now poised to expand into the lower Colorado River Basin concordant with documented evolutionary change in beetle developmental response that may enable survival in southern regions. Superimposed on this direct plant/herbivore relationship...
Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AZ-01, AZ-02, AZ-03, AZ-04, All tags...
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Conant et al. (2002) present the results of trumpeter swan censuses conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Alaska between 1968 and 2000. Full citation: Conant, B., J.I. Hodges, D.J. Groves, and J. G. King. 2002. Census of trumpeter swans on Alaskan nesting habitats, 1968-2000. Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology, v. 25, Special Publication 1: Proceedings of the Fourth International Swan Symposium 2001, pp 3-7.
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The model for golden-winged warbler was acquired from Dolly Crawford (Ashland University), which was included in Chapter 3 of the 2012 conservation plan (Roth et al., 2012). Model was composed of cells of predicted Golden-Winged Warbler occurrence across the study region. The study region was determined by the expert opinion derived by the technical team regarding the core breeding populations of Golden-Winged Warbler presence and assigned to the Great Lakes Conservation Region and Appalachian Conservation Region. Within these areas, certain extents are recommended for Golden-Winged Warbler conservation, as they are priority species in those regions and do not promote the invasion of Blue-Winged Warbler, a known...
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Forest cores are derived by applying an inverse buffer (-100m) to forest patches to represent the area of contiguous interior forest habitat. Forest patches are defined as areas of contiguous natural cover bound by non-natural edge or linear fragmenting features (roads, railroads, transmission lines, natural gas pipelines). The following land cover types were selected from the 2006 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) to define “natural cover”: deciduous forest, coniferous forest, mixed [deciduous-coniferous] forest, scrub-shrub, woody wetland, and emergent wetland. Forest patches were delineated based on non-forest edge (from the NLCD) and the following linear fragmenting features:electric transmission lines (from...
Categories: Data; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Citation, Downloadable, Map Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, AppLCC, Appalachian, Appalachian, Appalachians, All tags...
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Regional Climate Centers (RCC) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI: drought index). Recent 10-year climatology for drought in summerl months, 1950-1999.Drought is one of the most consequential aspects of variation in precipitation and temperature patterns in terms of its impacts on natural ecosystems and human systems. The production of food and clean water can be strongly affected, as can forest products production, outdoor recreation, ecosystem processes such as wildland fire, and many other processes affecting ecosystem services. Having a grasp on recent ranges of variability in drought conditions can provide a context for understanding ongoing and future climate change and its impacts on ecosystem services....
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Description: Invasive saltcedar is the third most abundant tree in Southwestern riparian systems. Resource managers must often balance the goals of protecting native wildlife species and habitats with the control of non-native and invasive plants. This project examined the impact of the tamarisk leaf beetle (a biocontrol agent) on amphibian and reptile (herpetofauna) and bird populations and communities along the Virgin River in Utah, Arizona and Nevada.Building on two years of pre-biocontrol monitoring, the researchers tracked changes in herpetofauna communities as the biocontrol entered a system dominated by a non-native plant species. The tamarisk leaf beetle is known to be eaten by several wildlife species....
Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AZ-01, AZ-02, AZ-03, AZ-04, All tags...


map background search result map search result map Sampling Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector Golden-Winged Warbler Suitable Habitat Drought The Palmer Drought Severity Index Summer Mean 1950-1999 CMIP5 Projected Change in Annual Precipitation Normal 2031-2060 Economic Research Council Urban Influence Codes 2013 Pennsylvania Watersheds with a Documented Bat Occurrence Science Brief for Resource Managers: Effects of Biocontrol and Restoration on Wildlife in Southwestern Riparian Habitats Publication: Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings Publication: Demographic consequences of climate change and land cover help explain a history of extirpations and range contraction in a declining snake species A multispecies dependent double-observer model: A new method to for estimating multispecies abundance Final Report and Publication: From Genotype to River Basin: The combined impacts of climate change on bio-control on a dominant riparian invasive tree/shrub Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy Using a multiscale, probabilistic approach to identify spatial-temporal wetland gradients THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING LAND COVER ON STREAMFLOW SIMULATION IN PUERTO RICO Boundary Organizations as an Approach to Overcoming Science-Delivery Barriers in Landscape Conservation: A Caribbean Case Study Census of trumpeter swans on Alaskan nesting habitats, 1968-2000 publication Publication: Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Alaska 1957-1994 Science Brief for Resource Managers: Effects of Biocontrol and Restoration on Wildlife in Southwestern Riparian Habitats THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING LAND COVER ON STREAMFLOW SIMULATION IN PUERTO RICO Boundary Organizations as an Approach to Overcoming Science-Delivery Barriers in Landscape Conservation: A Caribbean Case Study Pennsylvania Watersheds with a Documented Bat Occurrence Final Report and Publication: From Genotype to River Basin: The combined impacts of climate change on bio-control on a dominant riparian invasive tree/shrub Sampling Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector CMIP5 Projected Change in Annual Precipitation Normal 2031-2060 Economic Research Council Urban Influence Codes 2013 Golden-Winged Warbler Suitable Habitat Drought The Palmer Drought Severity Index Summer Mean 1950-1999 A multispecies dependent double-observer model: A new method to for estimating multispecies abundance Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy Using a multiscale, probabilistic approach to identify spatial-temporal wetland gradients Publication: Restoring aquatic ecosystem connectivity requires expanding inventories of both dams and road crossings Publication: Aerial Surveys of Waterbirds in Alaska 1957-1994 Census of trumpeter swans on Alaskan nesting habitats, 1968-2000 publication Publication: Demographic consequences of climate change and land cover help explain a history of extirpations and range contraction in a declining snake species