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Macrophyte populations have recently decreased in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). This decline may be due to abiotic factors, such as a reduction in nutrients; however, biotic factors are also suspect. The common carp Cyprinus carpio has been reported to affect submerged macrophyte populations in other systems but not in the UMR. This study was conducted to determine if common carp can directly or indirectly reduce submerged macrophyte biomass. Twelve enclosures (25 m2) and four reference sites were constructed in Lawrence Lake, a backwater in the UMR, and stocked with one of three densities (0, 1, 10) of common carp. High densities of common carp (10/enclosure or approximately 7000 kg/ha) significantly reduced...
Since 1988, the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) has performed basic limnological field measurements in the Upper Mississippi River System. The period of this report (1993 96) includes a major revision of the LTRMP sampling design in 1993 that added randomization, broader spatial coverage, and increased monitoring of tributaries and locations that allow monitoring of material transport. Monitoring by the Lake City Field Station reported here shows water quality differences among the tributaries to Pools 4 and 5, spatial and temporal patterns within these pools, and the sediment and nutrient trapping effects of Lake Pepin, a natural impoundment of the Mississippi River.
This tutorial was prepared for field personnel in the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) for the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) and other river managers who use Environmental Planning and Programming Language version 7 (EPPL7). The data sets included in the tutorial are from the LTRMP geographic information system (GIS) data base, and the exercises cover frequently used GIS procedures.
The Aquatic Habitat Analysis and Visualization Tool is a program and interface that allows users to view and create habitat models using the pre-improvement water quality data collected for the Finger Lakes Habitat Rehabilitation Project (HREP). The Finger Lakes HREP is a hydrologic modification of a backwater lake complex in upper Pool 5 of the Mississippi River. The program and interface were implemented using Arc Macro Language and require the workstation version of ARC/INFO geographic information system software (ESRI, Redlands, CA).
This chapter describes the procedures for digital data entry to be used by the staff at the Environmental Management Technical Center. Included are procedures for creating a coverage, registering a base map, digitizing with an automated program (Production ARCEDIT), generating topology for a coverage, and attributing. The two main issues during this procedure are digitizing error and quality control. The Appendixes contain forms and other information needed for the digital data entry procedure.
Hydraulic functions of retention devices in natural large rivers have been studied. An evaluation of detention devices formed due to side channels, islands, backwaters, and stump fields within the Upper Mississippi Pools has shown that these are quite significant and in some cases these detention areas within the channel borders can occupy as much as 75 to 93% of the total surface area. A large eddy on the order of the width of the Mississippi River in Pool 19 is used to illustrate the travel time in the hydraulic retention areas.
Resource managers are realizing the benefits of using geographic information systems to supply visual spactal data for use in making informed management decisions. This report details the ARC/INFO (ESRI, Redlands, CA) procedures used at the Environmental Management Technical Center in Onalaska, Wisconsin, to assist Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge mangers in the process of acquiring refuge land through a land exchange. Refuge managers required boundaries for both 430- and 500-acre parcels that included the most desirable land cover/use types. Hardcopy maps of the area showing the total acreage for each land cover/use type will be used during land exchange negotiations.
The Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) has been dramatically altered by changing land use and management practices within its basin. One consequence of these changes is the severe environmental problem of increased sedimentation in river backwater areas. The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program is addressing this problem by expanding and initiating new research of sediment movement in the UMRS. As part of its new research, this annotated bibliography was generated to identify, review, and provide information about studies associated with sediment transport and deposition in large river environments. It contains 275 citations and abstracts for works that were published primarily between 1970 and early 1995. A...
Phase I of the Pool 8 Islands Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project (HREP) was designed to improve habitat for fish and waterfowl in an area enclosed by a U-shaped system of islands (Horseshoe Island, river miles 684- 688). The Phase I project included closure of inlets at the upstream end of Horseshoe Island in the summer of 1989. Since July 1988, the Wisconsin Field Station of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program for the Upper Mississippi River System has been monitoring water quality (current velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, Secchi disk transparency, and specific conductance) at one permanent sampling station within the study area enclosed by Horseshoe Island. Three additional...
The frequency and severity of flooding in the Upper Mississippi River Basin is influenced by three major factors: the amount and timing of precipitation, the condition of the basin's stream channels and floodplains, and the timing and rate of storm water conveyance off the watershed, which is a function of soil condition, extent of impervious surface, vegetation density, and other factors. To the extent that changing precipitation patterns result from human-caused changes in the global climate, this factor can be addressed through international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Careful planning and design can provide some control over the condition of channels, floodplains, and watersheds. The primary...
The geographic information system pilot project on Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River System was initiated to evaluate system-wide application of various methods of capturing, processing and converting resource data. Classification schemes were developed for two data themes: land cover/land use (vegetation) and aquatic areas. Evaluation of 1:15,000 scale aerial photography indicated that (1) color infrared transparencies were essential for accurately mapping major vegetation classes and vegetation units less than 1 acre; (2) color infrared prints were essential for field work (delineating work areas on the photos and identifying in the field; (3) true color (Ektachrome) transparencies and prints were not useful...
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Movement of recreational boats in a waterway such as the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) may generate waves of sufficient degree to impact the river biota and the stability of the shorelines. A research project aiming to determine the characteristics of waves generated by recreational craft within the UMPS has been completed, and this is the first of a two-part paper that presents results. Part II presents the results of uncontrolled movement. To meet the objectives of the project, 246 controlled runs were made with 12 different boats at two sites, one on the Illinois River and the other on the Mississippi River. Data from this study indicated that recreational boats can generate from 4 to 40 waves per event,...
The conventional approach to maintaining biological diversity generally has been to proceed species by species and threat by threat. We suggest that piecemeal approaches are not adequate by themselves to address the accelerating extinction crisis and, furthermore, they contribute to an unpredictable ecological and economic environment. Here, we describe a methodology called Gap Analysis, which identifies the gaps in representation of biological diversity (biodiversity) in areas managed exclusively or primarily for the long-term maintenance of populations of native species and natural ecosystems (hereinafter referred to as biodiversity management areas). Once identified, gaps are filled through new reserve acquisitions...
The Finger Lakes Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project(HREP) is intended to improve winter habitat conditions for fish in a series of interconnected backwater lakes of the Mississippi River near Alma, Wisconsin. Winter habitat requirements (temperature, flow velocity, and dissolved oxygen) for the target fish population in the Finger Lakes have been defined and limnologcal efforts have been aimed at quantifying the spatial-temporal patterns and interrelationships among water movement, oxygen, and temperature. The progress to date (pre-construction) has included detailed investigations into (1) system hydrology (including dye-tracer studies), (2) oxygen supply and depletion, (3) temperature regime, (4) aquatic...
The bathymetric and bed material characteristics of Pool 19 on the Mississippi River have been analyzed and presented in this report. These data are illustrated and described at 13 main channel, 2 side channel, 1 tributary mouth, 1 island cross channel, and several spot locations in side channels. The river was traced from river mile 410.0 in the tailwater below Lock and Dam 18 to river mile 364.5 just upstream of Lock and Dam 19 and the power plant at Keokuk, Iowa. More detail was given for several areas where habitat succession is taking place as sedimentation raises the bed near enough to the water surface so that rooted macrophytes can become established and survive floods and winter ice cover. Both the plan...
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