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Microsatellite DNA variation was examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations from throughout British Columbia, Canada, to address the roles of historical isolation, postglacial dispersal, and contemporary geomorphology in structuring genetic variation and differentiation. We detected signatures of historical isolation and postglacial recolonization in the form of 'interior' and 'coastal' population groupings, a decline in genetic variation as distance increased from putative glacial refugia, and different extents of isolation-by-distance in different regions. Rainbow trout populations were structured genetically into major regions and into smaller watersheds and then into drainages. Within drainages,...
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Investigated herein are water and sediment geochemistry, and metal attenuation processes associated with natural acid rock drainage originating from black shale formations in the Macmillan Pass area, Clear Lake prospect and Engineer Creek by the Dempster Highway in the Yukon Territory, Canada. The most metalliferous water having pH 3.0, 150 mg/L Zn, 39 mg/L Ni, 2.8 mg/L Cu and 9.1 mg/L As was found in a tributary stream of Engineer Creek with no known mineral deposits occurring in the vicinity. For all three study areas, the water and sediment geochemistry is significantly affected by the local lithology and prevailing metal attenuation processes. Despite their anomalous acidity and metal contents, the natural acid...
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This thesis is an investigation of the biophysical controls on the three modes of methane (CH4 ) release from a boreal peatland: diffusion, plant-mediated transport and ebullition. My objectives were to (1) quantify the total CH4 flux of a permafrost thaw-affected peatland, (2) establish the relative importance of the three modes of CH4 release in these systems, and (3) identify key biotic and abiotic controls on individual transport mechanisms. Results showed that ebullition and plant-mediated transport were the dominant pathways for CH4 release and that traditional approaches for measuring total CH4 flux from peatland soils underestimated total efflux by not capturing ebullition. Further, results from a laboratory...
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Concerns related to the governance of water that have emerged at the global scale have created pressure for, and an increase in, water policy reform in many countries. Simultaneously, Indigenous governance movements related to self-determination are undergoing an immense period of growth and change worldwide; the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has been a milestone of this growth. These movements are significant because of Indigenous peoples' asserted rights to lands, waters, and natural resources. In this paper, we explore the extent to which water policy reform efforts recognize concepts of Indigenous governance and self-determination. The extent to which these concepts are...
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At sites where petrochemical releases have occurred comparatively recently (i.e., over the last 20 years), explicit age-dating is a viable approach. However, differentiating among multiparty contamination at sites with several decades of history may mandate a different allocation strategy, especially when there is an uncoordinated body of environmental data. At a location where a refinery operated for 11 months during World War II, and which has been used as a fuel distribution terminal over the ensuing 60 years, regulatory interest was triggered in 1997 when a sheen was detected discharging into the adjacent Yukon River. Our investigation combined disparate forensic tools with data visualization software to establish...
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The National Park Service (NPS) approved the use of Calcium Chloride as a dust suppressant on the Park road after four years of research. A formal monitoring program to track the spatial and temporal movement of CaCl2 concentrations along the Park road began in 2005. Fifteen terrestrial sites and fourteen water body locations were selected to monitor the movement of chloride from the roadbed into roadside soils and surface waters. Initial results showed wide variability in chloride concentrations in soil adjacent to the roadbed, while waterbodies generally had low concentrations (ABR 2006). This report presents 2007 results for the dust palliative chloride monitoring program.During the summer of 2007, 35 applications...
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Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are the most abundant species of salmon spawning in the Yukon River drainage system, and they support important personal use, subsistence, and commercial fisheries. Chum salmon returning to the Tanana River in Interior Alaska are a significant contribution to the overall abundance of Yukon River chum salmon and an improved understanding of habitat use is needed to improve conservation of this important resource. We characterized spawning habitat of chum salmon using the mainstem Tanana River as part of a larger study to document spawning distributions and habitat use in this river. Areas of spawning activity were located using radiotelemetry and aerial helicopter surveys. At 11 spawning...
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Snowmachine use in Alaska has increased substantially during the previous decade. In addition, innovations in the design and performance of these vehicles has allowed riders to travel farther and faster per hour of riding time than was possible in the past. These design innovations have resulted in the elimination of de facto natural barriers (i.e. steep terrain) to snowmachine access. A potential consequence of this trend in use and these technological changes is increased impacts on the resources of Denali National Park and Preserve, including harm to the vegetation resources.
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North American caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds commonly exhibit little nuclear genetic differentiation among adjacent herds, although available evidence supports strong demographic separation, even for herds with seasonal range overlap. During 1997–2003, we studied the Mentasta and Nelchina caribou herds in south-central Alaska using radiotelemetry to determine individual movements and range overlap during the breeding season, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to assess levels of genetic differentiation. Although the herds were considered discrete because females calved in separate regions, individual movements and breeding-range overlap in some years provided opportunity for male-mediated gene...
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A bald eagle survey protocol specific to LACL was developed and implemented in 1999. Intensive surveys to locate new nests and check the status of existing nests will be conducted in 3 survey areas on a yearly rotational basis. In 2001, the bald eagle early occupancy surveys (EOS) were conducted on nests known to be active or occupied during 2000 and 1999. The late productivity surveys (LPS) were conducted utilizing the active and occupied nests found during the 2001 EOS.
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Comparative biogeochemical studies performed on the same plant species in remote areas enable pinpointing interspecies and interregional differences of chemical composition. This report presents baseline concentrations of PAHs and trace elements in moss species Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi from the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland) (HCM) and Wrangell–Saint Elias National Park and Preserve (Alaska) and Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska). Total PAH concentrations in the mosses of HCM were in the range of 473–2970 mg kg1 (dry weight basis; DW), whereas those in the same species of Alaska were 80–3390 mg kg1 DW. Nearly all the moss samples displayed the similar ring sequence: 3 > 4...
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We present a novel ice/firn core melter system that uses fraction collectors to collect discrete, high-resolution (32 trace elements by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SMS), and stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The new continuous melting with discrete sampling (CMDS) system preserves an archive of each sample, reduces the problem of incomplete particle dissolution in ICP-SMS samples, and provides more precise trace element data than previous ice melter models by using longer ICP-SMS scan times and washing the instrument between samples. CMDS detection limits are similar to or lower than those published for ice melter systems coupled directly...
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PURPOSE: The deployment of a national missile defense (NMD) program in Alaska, California, Massachusetts, and North Dakota is considered. The NMD system would be a fixed, land-based, non-nuclear missile defense system with a land- and space-based detection system capable of responding to limited strategic ballistic missile threats to the United States. The proposed Alaskan sites include Clear Air Force Station (AFS) in Denali Borough, Eareckson Air Station (AS) on Shemya Island, Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Fort Greely, and Yukon Training Area in Fairbanks North Star Borough. The proposed California site is Beale AFB. The proposed Massachusetts site is Cape Cod AFS. The proposed...
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The evolution of permafrost in cold regions is inextricably connected to hydrogeologic processes, climate, and ecosystems. Permafrost thawing has been linked to changes in wetland and lake areas, alteration of the groundwater contribution to streamflow, carbon release, and increased fire frequency. But detailed knowledge about the dynamic state of permafrost in relation to surface and groundwater systems remains an enigma. Here, we present the results of a pioneering 1,800 line-kilometer airborne electromagnetic survey that shows sediments deposited over the past 4 million years and the configuration of permafrost to depths of 100 meters in the Yukon Flats area near Fort Yukon, Alaska. The Yukon Flats is near the...
map background search result map search result map Fish habitats and use in the Tanana River floodplain near Big Delta, Alaska, 1999-2000 Controls on Patterns of Biomass Burning in Alaskan Boreal Forests Continuous Ice Core Melter System with Discrete Sampling for Major Ion, Trace Element, and Stable Isotope Analyses Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Moose in Alaska Airborne electromagnetic imaging of discontinuous permafrost Methods and tools for addressing natural disturbance dynamics in conservation planning for wilderness areas Physical and ecological controls on methane release from a boreal peatland in interior Alaska Characteristics of fall chum salmon spawning habitat on a mainstem river in Interior Alaska Fishery Management Report for Sport Fisheries in the Lower Yukon-lower Kuskokwim Management Area for 1999 and 2000 Water policy reform and Indigenous governance Comment on 'Wetland drying and succession across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska' Natural acid rock drainage associated with black shale in the Yukon Territory, Canada Use of Geochemical Forensics to Determine Release Eras of Petrochemicals to Groundwater, Whitehorse, Yukon Monitoring chloride migration from dust palliative applications on the Park road, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska: 2007 summary report Interspecies and interregional comparisons of the chemistry of PAHs and trace elements in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska Range overlap and individual movements during breeding season influence genetic relationships of caribou herds in south-central Alaska Raptor populations inventory - bald eagles Brief Summary of Impacts of Snowmachine Traffic on Vegetation in Denali National Park NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE DEPLOYMENT; FORT GREELY, SHEMYA ISLAND, AND DENALI AND FAIRBANKS NORTH STAR BOROUGHS, ALASKA, CALIFORNIA, MASSACHUSETTS, AND CAVALIER, GRAND FORKS, PEMBINA, RAMSEY, AND WALSH COUNTIES, NORTH DAKOTA The influence of Wisconsinan glaciation and contemporary stream hydrology on microsatellite DNA variation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Use of Geochemical Forensics to Determine Release Eras of Petrochemicals to Groundwater, Whitehorse, Yukon Physical and ecological controls on methane release from a boreal peatland in interior Alaska Characteristics of fall chum salmon spawning habitat on a mainstem river in Interior Alaska Raptor populations inventory - bald eagles Monitoring chloride migration from dust palliative applications on the Park road, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska: 2007 summary report Brief Summary of Impacts of Snowmachine Traffic on Vegetation in Denali National Park Comment on 'Wetland drying and succession across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska' Airborne electromagnetic imaging of discontinuous permafrost Range overlap and individual movements during breeding season influence genetic relationships of caribou herds in south-central Alaska Fish habitats and use in the Tanana River floodplain near Big Delta, Alaska, 1999-2000 Controls on Patterns of Biomass Burning in Alaskan Boreal Forests Natural acid rock drainage associated with black shale in the Yukon Territory, Canada Interspecies and interregional comparisons of the chemistry of PAHs and trace elements in mosses Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B.S.G. and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. from Poland and Alaska Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Moose in Alaska Fishery Management Report for Sport Fisheries in the Lower Yukon-lower Kuskokwim Management Area for 1999 and 2000 Water policy reform and Indigenous governance The influence of Wisconsinan glaciation and contemporary stream hydrology on microsatellite DNA variation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Methods and tools for addressing natural disturbance dynamics in conservation planning for wilderness areas NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE DEPLOYMENT; FORT GREELY, SHEMYA ISLAND, AND DENALI AND FAIRBANKS NORTH STAR BOROUGHS, ALASKA, CALIFORNIA, MASSACHUSETTS, AND CAVALIER, GRAND FORKS, PEMBINA, RAMSEY, AND WALSH COUNTIES, NORTH DAKOTA