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There is a great deal of interest in whether and how Alaska’s precipitation is changing but little agreement in the existing peer-reviewed literature. To provide insight on this question, we have selected three commonly used 0.5° resolution gridded precipitation products that have long-term monthly data coverage (Climatic Research Unit TS3.10.1, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Full Data Reanalysis version 5, and University of Delaware version 2.01) and evaluated their homogeneity and trends with multiple methods over two periods, 1950–2008 and 1980–2008. All three data sets displayed common broadscale features of Alaska’s precipitation climatology, but there were substantial differences between them in terms...
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The Nature Conservancy (TNC) drew upon its existing Canadian network to coordinate with potential Canadian partners on behalf of the Arctic LCC. TNC addressed the Arctic LCC’s need to identify specific overlapping goals, objectives and geographic interest between the Arctic LCC and those potential partners. TNC provided information about the Arctic LCC to potential Canadian partners; initiated contact and helped build relationships with those potential partners; they summarized current and planned climate-related work and other areas of overlapping interest with the Arctic LCC, and identified the top six to eight most appropriate potential Canadian partners with which the Arctic LCC should engage.
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Information on the nature and distribution of permafrost is critical to assessing the response of Arctic ecosystems to climate change, because thawing permafrost under a warming climate will cause thaw settlement and affect micro-topography, surface water redistribution and groundwater movement, soil carbon balance, trace gas emissions, vegetation changes, and habitat use. While a small-scale regional permafrost map is available, as well as information from numerous site-specific large-scale mapping projects, landscape-level mapping of permafrost characteristics is needed for regional modeling and climate impact assessments. The project addresses this need by: (1) compiling existing soil/permafrost data from available...
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These raster datasets represent historical stand age. The last four digits of the file name specifies the year represented by the raster. For example a file named Age_years_historical_1990.tif represents the year 1990. Cell values represent the age of vegetation in years since last fire, with zero (0) indicating burned area in that year. Files from years 1860-2006 use a variety of historical datasets for Boreal ALFRESCO model spin up and calibration to most closely match historical wildfire dynamics.
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We mosaicked twelve LandSat-8 OLI satellite images taken during the summer of 2014, which were used in an object based image analysis (OBIA) to classify the landscape. We mapped seventeen of the most dominant geomorphic land cover classes on the ACP: (1) Coastal saline waters, (2) Large lakes, (3) Medium lakes, (4) Small lakes, (5) Ponds, (6) Rivers, (7) Meadows, (8) Coalescent low-center polygons, (9) Low-center polygons, (10) Flat-center polygons, (11) High-center polygons, (12) Drained slope, (13) Sandy barrens, (14) Sand dunes, (15) Riparian shrub, (16) Ice, and (17) Urban (i.e. towns and roads). Mapped products were validated with an array of oblique aerial/ground based photography (Jorgenson et al., 2011)...
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This raster, created in 2010, is output from the Geophysical Institute Permafrost Lab (GIPL) model and represents simulated mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) in Celsius, averaged across a decade, at the base of active layer or at the base of the seasonally frozen soil column. The file name specifies the decade the raster represents. For example, a file named MAGT_1980_1989.tif represents the decade spanning 1980-1989. Cell values represent simulated mean annual ground temperature (degree C) at the base of the active layer (for areas with permafrost) or at the base of the soil column that is seasonally frozen (for areas without permafrost). If the value of the cell is negative,the area has permafrost and the...
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This pilot project has initiated a long-term integrated modeling project that aims todevelop a dynamically linked model framework focused on climate driven changes tovegetation, disturbance, hydrology, and permafrost, and their interactions and feedbacks.This pilot phase has developed a conceptual framework for linking current state-of-thesciencemodels of ecosystem processes in Alaska – ALFRESCO, TEM, GIPL-1 – and theprimary processes of vegetation, disturbance, hydrology, and permafrost that theysimulate. A framework that dynamically links these models has been defined and primaryinput datasets required by the models have been developed.
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The Beaufort Sea coast in arctic Alaska and neighboring northern Canada has recently experienced extreme and accelerated climate change, including a dramatic reduction in summer sea ice (Gildor and Tziperman 2003, Holland et al. 2006). This absence of ice allows increased wind and wave energy to directly affect the coast, resulting in island and mainland flooding, coastal erosion, and further movement of barrier islands and beaches. The period each year in which the arctic is free of summer ice is increasing and is predicted to increase non-linearly in the future. This suggests a “tipping point” has been reached, producing internal feedback mechanisms that will further accelerate coastal change (Comiso et al., 2008).These...
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The Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network (TEON) is intended to meet the need for a sustainable environmental observing network for northern Alaska. The TEON plan proposes collection of a time series of specific environmental variables in seven representative watersheds across northern Alaska. The Kuparuk River watershed is central to this plan both because of its location that bisects Alaska’s North Slope and its record of hydroclimatic data and research now surpassing 30-yrs. Nested catchments within and adjacent to this sentinel Arctic river system integrate climate and landscape responses from the Brooks Range foothills (Imnavait Creek and Upper Kuparuk River) to the Arctic Coastal Plain (Putuligayuk...
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE, AIR TEMPERATURE, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE, Academics & scientific researchers, All tags...
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Map of the Upper Koyukuk River Area and location of proposed observation sites (numbered circles). This large area drains the southern Brooks Range ecoregion and extends downstream into the Kobuk Ridges and Valleys outside of the Arctic LCC boundary. Compared to other sites in TEON, these rivers are larger basins and reflect higher relief landscapes. Inset shows the location of the seven TEON focal watersheds. Image by Arctic LCC staff.
Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE, AIR TEMPERATURE, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE, Academics & scientific researchers, All tags...
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Hydrologic processes greatly influence Alaska’s physical and biological resources and the human communities that depend upon them. These processes will also be greatly impacted by expected changes in climate, including warming temperatures and changing seasonal precipitation patterns and amounts. However, current understanding of those impacts is limited. Improving that understanding is a first step toward assessing how the likely changes in hydrology will impact other physical and biological processes. The Western Alaska LCC and the Alaska Climate Science Center, with support from other LCCs, hosted a workshop of 28 hydrologists, researchers, fisheries biologists, local experts and managers for a workshop structured...
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Alaska’s freshwater resources, vitally important for salmon and other species, are vulnerable to changes resulting from climate change. Though temperature is a critical element in the suitability of aquatic habitats, Alaska’s stream and lake temperature monitoring is occurring through independent agencies/partners without a means to link and share data. Because a coordinated network of monitoring data can help scientists and managers understand how aquatic systems are responding to climate change, conducting an inventory of past and present stream and lake temperature monitoring efforts has been identified as a priority science need for Alaska. This project consolidated existing monitoring site locations and attributes...
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This project evaluated the potential impacts of storm surges and relative sea level rise on nesting geese and eider species that commonly breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta). Habitat suitability maps for breeding waterbirds were developed to identify current waterbird breeding habitat and distributions. Short-term climate change impacts were assessed by comparing nest densities in relation to magnitude of storms that occurred in the prior fall from 2000-2013. Additionally, nest densities were modeled using random forests in relation to the time-integrated flood index (e.g., a storm specific measure accounting for both water depth and duration of flooding) for four modeled storms (2005, 2006, 2009, and...
Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: DELTAS, DELTAS, DUCKS/GEESE/SWANS, DUCKS/GEESE/SWANS, Decision Support, All tags...
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A high spatial resolution storm surge model was developed for the YK Delta area to assess biological impacts of storm surges under current and future climates. Storm surges are expected to be more frequent and more severe in the YK Delta area due to climate change and sea level rise. The biological impacts in the YK Delta due to the changed storm surges could be extreme.The model was assessed with respect to measured water level data at the coast and, where available, spatial extent of inundation, for 6 storms from the period 1992 to 2011. In total, inundation projections from 9 historical storms (5 from the assessment + 4 others) were developed. For each storm, an spatial inundation index (time-integral of water...
Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS, Academics & scientific researchers, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL AREAS, All tags...
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Floods, spatially complex water flows, and organism movements all generate important fluxes of aquatic-derived materials into terrestrial habitats, counteracting the gravity-driven downhill transport of matter from terrestrial-to-aquatic ecosystems. The magnitude of these aquatic subsidies isoften smaller than terrestrial subsidies to aquatic ecosystems but higher in nutritional quality, energy density, and nutrient concentration. The lateral extent of biological aquatic subsidies is typically small, extending only a few meters into riparian habitat; however, terrestrial consumers often aggregate on shorelines to capitalize on these high-quality resources. Although the ecological effects of aquatic subsidies remain...
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How local geomorphic and hydrologic features mediate the sensitivity of stream thermal regimes to variation in climatic conditions remains a critical uncertainty in understanding aquatic ecosystem responses to climate change. We used stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen to estimate contributions of snow and rainfall to 80 boreal streams and show that differences in snow contribution are controlled by watershed topography. Time series analysis of stream thermal regimes revealed that streams in rain-dominated, low-elevation watersheds were 5–8 times more sensitive to variation in summer air temperature compared to streams draining steeper topography whose flows were dominated by snowmelt. This effect was more pronounced...
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Arey Lagoon and Island, situated on the Beaufort Sea coast just west of Barter Island and within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), was selected as a focus site for an in-depth study of coastal processes on a regional to local scale. Arey Lagoon and adjacent areas encompass a barrier island chain, a glacially fed river and delta (Hulahula and Ogpilak Rivers) from the Brooks Range watershed, low-lying tundra with coastal wet sedge, and thermokarst lakes that all may be vulnerable to the effects of changing storm patterns in response to climate change.Analysis of historical maps and imagery showed that Arey Lagoon mainland coast, partially protected by Arey Island from the direct attack of ocean waves, was...
map background search result map search result map Streamflow monitoring on the Canning and Tamayariak rivers. Modeling Barrier Island Lagoon System Response to Projected Arctic Warming TEON: Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network Permafrost Database Development, Characterization, and Mapping for Northern Alaska A needs assessment and work plan development for coastal change outreach on the Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain Polygonal Geomorphology Map Reconciling precipitation trends in Alaska: 2. Gridded data analyses Webinar (2015) AK-OATS Watershed geomorphology and snowmelt control stream thermal sensitivity to air temperature Summary handout - Factsheet Alaska Stream and Lake Temperature Monitoring Workshop November 2012 Subsidies of Aquatic Resources in Terrestrial Ecosystems Lidar processing and Survey Reports Integrated Ecosystem Model Reports Mean Annual Ground Temperature 2060-2069 TEON Watersheds and Observation Sites map Upper Koyukuk River Watershed map The impacts of storm surges on breeding waterbirds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: past effects and future projected impacts Historical Stand Age 1960-1969 Fostering Collaboration Across North America's Arctic Modeling Barrier Island Lagoon System Response to Projected Arctic Warming The impacts of storm surges on breeding waterbirds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: past effects and future projected impacts Streamflow monitoring on the Canning and Tamayariak rivers. Summary handout - Factsheet Lidar processing and Survey Reports Watershed geomorphology and snowmelt control stream thermal sensitivity to air temperature Subsidies of Aquatic Resources in Terrestrial Ecosystems A needs assessment and work plan development for coastal change outreach on the Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska TEON: Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network TEON Watersheds and Observation Sites map Upper Koyukuk River Watershed map Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain Polygonal Geomorphology Map Permafrost Database Development, Characterization, and Mapping for Northern Alaska Fostering Collaboration Across North America's Arctic Alaska Stream and Lake Temperature Monitoring Workshop November 2012 Reconciling precipitation trends in Alaska: 2. Gridded data analyses Integrated Ecosystem Model Reports Mean Annual Ground Temperature 2060-2069 Historical Stand Age 1960-1969 Webinar (2015) AK-OATS