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Assembling Data We used datasets of habitat stressors available at a national scale and measured within estuaries and their associated watersheds. Included datasets represent anthropogenic stressors likely to affect fish habitat within estuaries based on evidence from the published habitat ecology literature. Although many important factors were included, not all data were available at sufficient spatial resolution or geographic breadth for meaningful analysis. Some important datasets that were investigated but determined to be insufficient for inclusion in the current version of the National Estuary Assessment included: historic habitat extent/habitat loss; storm/wastewater discharges; sediment contaminants; biogenic...
Wheat, corn, and soybeans are some of the primary crops grown in the Northern Plains States. About 8.5 million acres, one-fourth of the state’s land area, are used to grow wheat in North Dakota. In areas of intense cultivation, streams are often channelized for irrigation, reducing their habitat value for fish as temperature, in-channel cover, and stream flow are significantly changed. In addition, watersheds dominated by row-crop agriculture discharge excess sediment and nutrients to downstream waters. Agricultural water withdrawal was also one of the most limiting disturbances identified in this assessment. A large number of groundwater wells in the Nemaha River basin in southeast Nebraska, an area dominated by...
While this assessment has found that much of the stream habitat in this region is at low or very low risk of degradation, some key fish habitat disturbances, including water withdrawals or diversions and intensity of livestock grazing in watersheds, could not be directly included in this assessment because national datasets of these disturbances and their supporting variables are unavailable. These disturbances are known to have major, negative effects on fish habitats in this region. Their absence from this assessment, along with absences of other disturbances, has likely produced an overestimation of habitat condition (quality) for some water bodies. Despite such absences, impairment to fish habitats was determined...
The Plains Minnow (Hybognathus placitus) is well adapted to prairie watersheds. It is found in open, shallow river channels of highly turbid rivers and creeks with sandy bottoms, high levels of dissolved solids, and slight to moderate erratic flows, typical of these watersheds. One of many issues affecting the Plains Minnow is that the construction of dams has significantly altered flow regimes in its range. Eliminating flood events has removed the historical cues for spawning and reduced spawning habitat.
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
FishWithHabitatTrouble,
MountainRegion,
MountainStates
Screening Responses to Individual Stressors We used hierarchical models to develop the northern Gulf of Mexico Regional Estuary Assessment. This approach is a compromise between pooling all data from each estuary together into a single model, and modeling each estuary separately. For hierarchical models, the intercept and/or slope parameters can vary among different groups in the model. The assessment defines groups as estuaries and states (FL, AL, MS, LA, and TX). “Random effects” in hierarchical models account for group-level differences that are not accounted for by the available predictor variables. For example, some variation between estuaries is due to different morphologies and physical features that are...
Partnership - Great Plains Fish Habitat Partnership Lake Sturgeon were an important protein and cultural resource for Native Americans and a key food resource for early settlers in the Red River basin in the 1800’s and earlier. By the mid-1900’s, this unique species was extirpated from this river system as the result of barrier and dam construction, overharvest, and pollution. In the late 1980’s, a broad coalition started the process of reestablishing this key species back into its native range in the Red River system with a focus on rehabilitating habitat, removing barriers/dams, and re-populating the river using hatchery fish. The Christine and Hickson dams were 2 of 3 remaining mainstem dams that prevented...
Creating cumulative habitat condition scores To create the cumulative habitat condition index (CHCI) for streams of the conterminous United States, associations between multiple fish metrics and multiple human landscape factors were synthesized into a single number using the following scoring process. 5a. For each significant association between a fish metric and a human landscape factor, we evaluated the shape of the relationship to identify two key points. The “ threshold point” is the level of a landscape factor associated with a decrease in abundance of a particular fish metric (change in condition class between 5 and 4 in Figure 4), and the “plateau point” is the level of a landscape factor beyond which increasing...
Both Green (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are long-lived species with delayed and intermittent spawning that require large amounts of connected habitat to complete their life cycle. Both species use inshore marine and estuarine habitat along with rivers for juvenile and adult habitat and require clean substrates in rivers to successfully spawn. Hydropower dams are barriers to movements of these species in Pacific rivers and have negatively affected spawning success by creating unstable daily water flow patterns through peaking power operations as has been documented in other sturgeon species. For example, the fragmentation of the Columbia River by dams has created 17 land-locked...
Partnerships - Desert Fishes Habitat Partnership and Western Native Trout Initiative Bluehead Sucker ( Catostomus discobolus) and Bonneville Cutthroat Trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki utah) have experienced extensive population declines and range reduction, often from habitat fragmentation. In the Weber River, Utah, Bluehead Sucker occurs in three fragmented reaches and the strongest population in the Weber River is confined below the Lower Weber River Diversion structure. Allowing passage around this diversion would provide Bluehead Sucker access to needed canyon habitat. Large fluvial Bonneville Cutthroat Trout have been virtually eliminated from river mainstems throughout this species’ range, but still persists...
This interactive figure summarizes the risk of fish habitat degradation. The currently selected tab shows data from the assessment of streams for Alaska. (a) Relative condition of fish habitat in streams. Stream summaries represent percentage of HUC12 area in each condition class. (b) Map showing risk of fish habitat degradation. The default view shows all stream condition classes. User may change map display by selecting a bar in (a), resulting in a display of the selected condition class in (b). Please see How to Read this Report for important information about strengths and limitations of these findings. Click here to download scores from the Alaska assessment of streams.
The Pahrump Poolfish (Empetrichthys latos) is an endangered endemic springfish and is the only remaining species in its genus, Empetrichthys. Originally occurring only in a large spring in southern Nevada, its entire historic habitat was lost in the 1960s due to excessive groundwater pumping, which desiccated the spring system. This species now exists in several refuge habitats in southern and central Nevada, as efforts to restore its original habitat have thus far been unsuccessful.
The Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) has declined across its entire range due largely to loss of breeding habitat and overharvest, with much of it as illegal harvesting for caviar. Although conservation efforts have stabilized this species in the Central Mississippi States, a continued decline is expected due to overharvest, introduced species (particularly Asian Carp), and pollution. Other threats include channelization and dam construction that have blocked seasonal migration to suitable spawning sites which isolates individual populations and lead to breeding issues. Some characteristics of its life history, such as length of time to reach sexual maturity, make it susceptible to decline and slow to recover.
Partnerships - Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership and Atlantic Coastal Fish Habitat Partnership Both the Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership (SARP) and Atlantic Coastal Fish Habitat Partnership (ACFHP) supported marsh restoration/living shoreline projects on the Tolomato River in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR) near St. Augustine, Florida. These projects are located on the southern portion of the Guana Peninsula and are creating a contiguous swath of restored marsh that is: improving and enhancing fish habitat; preventing shoreline erosion; and fostering opportunities for community stewardship and involvement that will provide benefits for years to come. The...
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Population density Low intensity urban land use Road length density Downstream dam density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Impervious surface cover Low intensity urban land use Population density Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Upstream dam density Pasture and hay land use Population...
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales ranked highest first): Crop land use Population density Pasture and hay land use Road crossing density Low intensity land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (watersheds <100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales: Crop land use Population density Low intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (watersheds >100 km 2 in area) across all spatial scales : Pasture and hay land use Population density Crop land use Top five most pervasive...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
PervasiveSevere,
UpperMidwestRegion,
UpperMidwestStates
A. Pervasive disturbances: The most common disturbances based on total stream length in a given region. Top five overall most pervasive disturbances to all stream reaches, regardless of stream size and across all spatial scales (ranked highest first): Impervious surface cover Population density Road length density Low intensity urban land use Downstream dam density Top three most pervasive disturbances to creeks (<100 km 2 watersheds) across all spatial scales : Impervious surface Road length density Low intensity urban land use Top three most pervasive disturbances to rivers (>100 km 2 watersheds) across all spatial scales : Pasture and hay land use Impervious surface Population density Top five...
In the 1990s, urban land in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana increased by about 10 percent. Currently, Ohio and Illinois are among the 10 most populous states in the nation, while Indiana is 16th. Over 31 million people live in these three states. Large cities such as Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, and Cleveland, as well as the suburban sprawl throughout the region, have created large areas of impervious surfaces and urban pollution near the rivers and lakes. These factors are known to degrade fish habitat by changing water flow (hydrology) and by adding excessive amounts of nutrients, pollutants and sediment into the waters in this region.
This ScienceBase item provides the queries and code that identifies components and organization of the detailed methodology for the National Fish Habitat Partnership's 2015 National Fish Habitat Asessment.
Assembling data Data on stream fishes were provided for use in the 2015 assessment from many federal and state agencies and organizations from around the country. For a list of data providers, see Table 2. Due to the cooperation and support of multiple data providers, the 2015 assessment used stream fish assemblage data from 39,405 stream reaches as compared to 26,468 stream reaches in 2010 assessment. Data now reflects abundances of different fish species found in streams throughout the conterminous United States. Besides fish data, many different human (anthropogenic) landscape factors were assembled and used to characterize habitat condition. These factors include: urban and agricultural land use; intensity...
Partnerships - Atlantic Coastal Fish Habitat Partnership and Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture The Upper Patten Stream Watershed near Surry, Maine historically supported a thriving commercial Alewife fishery and was used by many other anadromous fish species including Blueback Herring, American Eel, sea-run Brook Trout, and Atlantic Salmon. The Route 172 road crossing caused a four-foot drop without a jumping pool, creating a significant fish movement barrier. The road was the only barrier between Patten Bay and the upper drainage, located just upstream of the estuary. Patten Stream's Alewives were nearly eliminated, surviving mainly due to volunteers who carried fish over the barrier in nets so they may reach...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2015,
CaseStories,
NortheasternRegion,
NortheasternStates
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