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Climate Change Adaptation for Coastal National Wildlife Refuges National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) along the East Coast of the United States protect habitat for a host of wildlife species, while also offering storm surge protection, improving water quality, supporting nurseries for commercially important fish and shellfish, and providing recreation opportunities for coastal communities. Yet in the last century, coastal ecosystems in the eastern U.S. have been severely altered by human development activities as well as sea-level rise and more frequent extreme events related to climate change. These influences threaten the ability of NWRs to protect our nation’s natural resources and to sustain their many beneficial services. Through this project, researchers are collaborating with... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, Adaptive management, CASC, Completed, Data Visualization & Tools, All tags... Data Visualization & Tools, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Extreme Weather, Extreme Weather, Forests, Forests, Landscapes, Landscapes, Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Sea-Level Rise and Coasts, Sea-Level Rise and Coasts, Social Science, Social Science, Southeast, Southeast CASC, State of the Science, State of the Science, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, coastal refuge, global change, optimization, portfolio analysis, reserve design, resource allocation, sea-level rise, structured decision making, Fewer tags Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) Database: Informing Climate Change Adaptation and Management Actions for Freshwater Fishes Inland fishes provide important ecosystem services to communities worldwide and are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Fish respond to climate change in diverse and nuanced ways, which creates challenges for practitioners of fish conservation, climate change adaptation, and management. Although climate change is known to affect fish globally, a comprehensive online, public database of how climate change has impacted inland fishes worldwide and adaptation or management practices that may address these impacts does not exist. We conducted an extensive, systematic primary literature review to identify peer-reviewed journal publications describing projected and documented examples of climate change... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Fish, Fish, National CASC, All tags... National CASC, Projects by Region, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, State of the Science, State of the Science, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, climate change impacts, fisheries, Fewer tags Forecasting Future Changes in Sagebrush Distribution and Abundance Covering 120 million acres across 14 western states and 3 Canadian provinces, sagebrush provides critical habitat for species such as pronghorn, mule deer, and sage-grouse – a species of conservation concern. The future of these and other species is closely tied to the future of sagebrush. Yet this important ecosystem has already been affected by fire, invasive species, land use conversion, and now, climate change. In the western U.S., temperatures are rising and precipitation patterns are changing. However, there is currently a limited ability to anticipate the impacts of climate change on sagebrush. Current methods suffer from a range of weakness that limits the reliability of results. In fact, the current uncertainty... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Landscapes, Landscapes, All tags... North Central, North Central CASC, Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Plants, Plants, Projects by Region, Sagebrush, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, ecosystem modeling, habitat suitability, management, mechanistic modeling, Fewer tags Relations Among Cheatgrass, Fire, Climate, and Sensitive-Status Birds across the Great Basin The distribution and abundance of cheatgrass, an invasive annual grass native to Eurasia, has increased substantially across the Intermountain West, including the Great Basin. Cheatgrass is highly flammable, and as it has expanded, the extent and frequency of fire in the Great Basin has increased by as much as 200%. These changes in fire regimes are associated with loss of the native sagebrush, grasses, and herbaceous flowering plants that provide habitat for many native animals, including Greater Sage-Grouse. Changes in vegetation and fire management have been suggested with the intent of conserving Greater Sage-Grouse. However, the potential responses of other sensitive-status birds to these changes in management... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, Birds, Birds, Bodie Hills-Pine Nut Mountains, CASC, All tags... California, Completed, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Fire, Fire, Grasslands and Plains, Grasslands and Plains, Great Basin, Idaho, Landscapes, Landscapes, Nevada, Northwest, Northwest, Northwest CASC, Oregon, Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Owyhee Uplands, Plants, Plants, Projects by Region, Southwest, Southwest CASC, Utah, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Testing the Impacts of Sun Exposure and Impervious Surfaces on the Accuracy of Temperature Sensors To better understand the impacts of climate change, ecological studies are increasingly addressing the different effects of temperature on organisms and ecosystems. To measure air temperature at biologically relevant scales in the field, ecologists often use small, portable temperature sensors. These sensors must be shielded from solar radiation to provide accurate temperature measurements, but a review of 18 years of ecological literature indicated that shielding practices vary across studies (when the shielding is reported at all), and that ecologists often invent and construct ad-hoc radiation shields without testing their efficacy. The project researchers performed two field experiments to examine the accuracy... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Data Visualization & Tools, Data Visualization & Tools, All tags... Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Southeast, Southeast CASC, Fewer tags A Value and Investment Assessment of Marine and Inland Fisheries Globally to Inform Future Resource Management Strategies Marine and inland fisheries provide substantial economic, nutritional, recreational, and cultural benefits to human populations globally. Though extensive research and management efforts exist to ensure the sustainability of these important resources, many fisheries still face threats including climate change, habitat degradation, and overfishing. The inland fisheries community often cites that less attention is given to inland fisheries compared to marine but, to date, no quantitative analysis has examined these differences. Our goal is to compare investment and resources allocated to the research and management of marine and inland fisheries relative to their value at a global scale. Through the development of... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Fish, Fish, National CASC, All tags... National CASC, Projects by Region, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Understanding the Future of Red-Backed Salamanders as an Indicator of Future Forest Health Climate change will have sweeping impacts across the Northeast, yet there are key gaps in our understanding about whether species will be able to adapt to this changing environment. Results from this project will illuminate local and region-wide changes in forest ecosystems by studying the red-backed salamander, a species that is a strong indicator of forest conditions. This study identified habitat and forest characteristics that improve the resiliency of forest dwelling amphibians and other wildlife to climate change. Further, by studying a foundational species in forest floor ecosystems, the scientists can use the information to make inferences about rare and declining species. The researchers studied multiple... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Forests, Forests, All tags... Landscapes, Landscapes, Northeast, Northeast CASC, Other Wildlife, Other Wildlife, Projects by Region, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, demographic rates, distribution, forest management, physiology, surrogate species, Fewer tags Climate Change Implications for the Conservation of Amphibians in Tropical Environments Climate and land use change will strongly affect tropical island ecosystems and trust species (like migratory birds and threatened and endangered species). The risks of significant negative impacts are likely to be higher in these island systems than in many temperate regions of the world because of the limited size of their land masses, high numbers of species that only exist in narrowly defined regions, and expectations that tropical environments will experience greater changes in temperature. Tropical island communities are faced with making important decisions related to adaptation that could impact the health of important natural resources and ecosystems. However, a lack of scientific guidance and information... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, All tags... Extreme Weather, Extreme Weather, Landscapes, Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Other Wildlife, Other Wildlife, Projects by Region, Southeast, Southeast CASC, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wetlands, Wetlands, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Assessing the Science, Partner Engagement, and Information Use for Natural Resources Management - Five-year Reviews of the Climate Science Centers The eight Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers (CSCs), managed by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC), work closely with natural and cultural resource managers to gather needed scientific information about the impacts of climate change on fish, wildlife and ecosystems. Given the critical role of the CSC’s in engaging with partners to define climate science needs, conduct or fund science activities, and convey the results to partners, it is important to periodically evaluate the efficacy of the CSC program. The American Fisheries Society and the Human Dimensions Research Unit of Cornell University have been engaged by NCCWSC to lead 5-year reviews of the CSCs. The... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, National CASC, National CASC, All tags... Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, State of the Science, Fewer tags Protecting Cultural Resources in the Face of Climate Change Climate change doesn’t just threaten our natural resources—it threatens our cultural resources, too. Cultural resources represent evidence of past human activity, such as archeological sites, or are of significance to a group of people traditionally associated with the resource, such as Native American ceremonial sites. Climate change is challenging the long-term persistence of many cultural resources. For example, those located in coastal areas, such as historic lighthouses, are threatened by sea-level rise, shoreline erosion, and more frequent severe storm events. While climate change challenges managers of both natural and cultural resources to make decisions in the face of uncertainty, far less work has been... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Landscapes, Landscapes, All tags... Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Sea-Level Rise and Coasts, Sea-Level Rise and Coasts, Southeast, Southeast CASC, State of the Science, State of the Science, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, cultural resources, structured decision making, vulnerability index, Fewer tags Global Assessment of River Fish Production and Potential Global Change Implications Better understanding of the overall fishery production in river systems around the world may influence general development policies and practices for aquatic systems and sustainable maintenance of an important protein source (particularly for poorer countries where fish are relatively readily available to the local human population). With this study, researchers worked to fill this knowledge gap by estimating the overall fishery production in river networks globally using multivariate statistical models with explanatory variables compiled from remotely sensed and in‐situ observations. The freshwater fish production in rivers was estimated by: 1. Developing models using key drivers (temperature, precipitation,... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Fish, Fish, All tags... Fish biomass, Inland Fish, National CASC, National CASC, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, Projects by Region, Remote Sensing, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags The Effects of Drought on Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout: The Role of Stream Flow and Temperature Increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation threaten the persistence of the Rio Grande cutthroat trout, the southernmost subspecies of cutthroat trout, found only in parts of New Mexico and Colorado. This subspecies appears to be more vulnerable to drought than more northern subspecies, because it occupies small and fragmented streams which are at greater risk of drying up during drought. Most notably, in 2002 drought in the Southwest resulted in the loss of 14 different Rio Grande cutthroat trout populations – about 10% of the total population. While it is known that drought is having an effect on Rio Grande cutthroat trout, the specific ways in which individuals and populations are affected by drought... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Climate Change, Completed, Discharge, All tags... Drought, Drought, Drought, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Fish, Fish, Growth, National CASC, National CASC, Persistence, Projects by Region, Recruitment, Rio Grande cutthroat trout, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Stream Intermittency, Survival, Temperature, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Ecological Drought: Assessing Vulnerability and Developing Solutions for People and Nature As global temperatures continue to rise, the frequency and severity of droughts in North America are expected to increase, leading to a wide range of social and ecological impacts. Identifying these impacts and the consequences for ecosystems and human communities are essential for effective drought management. Equally important is to improve the capacity of nature and people to prepare for and cope with drought by identifying management strategies that benefit both. An interdisciplinary working group within the Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNAPP) was established by the U.S. Geological Survey, The Wildlife Conservation Society, and The Nature Conservancy to synthesize our current understanding of... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Decision support, Drought, All tags... Drought, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Ecological drought, Ecological impacts, National CASC, National CASC, Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Social Science, Social Science, State of the Science, Water supplies, Fewer tags River’s End: Mapping Patterns of Stream Drying in the Western United States Water in the western United States is disappearing, and several states are facing severe water shortages as drought conditions worsen. Many streams are drying up, and there is growing concern that this trend will only continue as climate change produces warmer and drier conditions. The loss of stream ecosystems has far reaching ecological, social, and economic implications. Species that depend on these ecosystems for habitat will be at greater risk of extinction and humans will lose vital sources of water relied upon for agriculture, drinking water, and recreation. This project aimed to identify how water availability is changing in the West, focusing specifically on when and where streams go dry. Researchers... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Drought, Drought, All tags... Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, National CASC, National CASC, Projects by Region, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, drought, water quality, water scarcity, Fewer tags An Assessment of Midwestern Lake and Stream Temperatures under Climate Change Water temperatures are warming in lakes and streams, resulting in the loss of many native fish. Given clear passage, coldwater stream fishes can take refuge upstream when larger streams become too warm. Likewise, many Midwestern lakes “thermally stratify” resulting in warmer waters on top of deeper, cooler waters. Many of these lakes are connected to threatened streams. To date, assessments of the effects of climate change on fish have mostly ignored lakes, and focused instead on streams. Because surface waters represent a network of habitats, an integrated assessment of stream and lake temperatures under climate change is necessary for decision-making. This work can be used to inform the preservation of lake/stream... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Fish, Fish, All tags... Northeast, Northeast CASC, Projects by Region, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Evaluation of Downscaled Climate Modeling Techniques for the Northeast U.S.: A Case Study of Maple Syrup Production Downscaling is the process of making a coarse-scale global climate model into a finer resolution in order to capture some of the localized detail that the coarse global models cannot resolve. There are two general approaches of downscaling: dynamical and statistical. Within those, many dynamical models have been developed by different institutions, and there are a number of statistical algorithms that have been developed over the years. Many past studies have evaluated the performance of these two broad approaches of downscaling with respect to climate variables (e.g., temperature, precipitation), but few have translated these evaluations to ecological metrics that managers use to make decisions in planning for... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Landscapes, Landscapes, All tags... Northeast, Northeast CASC, Other Landscapes, Other Landscapes, Plants, Plants, Projects by Region, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Online Climate Change Impacts Course to Inform Managers about Planning for the Future Most resource managers need to take climate impacts into account when making decisions during the course of their career, whether their work protects native species populations, reduces the impact of extreme storms on infrastructure, or improves water quality in a watershed. Professional training that develops an understanding of the climate system, how it is changing, and what that means for various natural and cultural resources can help improve long-term management outcomes. However, not all agencies or organizations have the capacity to provide this important training, limiting the ability of managers to interpret complex climate data and address climate-related questions. Therefore, this project developed... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Data Visualization & Tools, Data Visualization & Tools, All tags... Projects by Region, Science Tools For Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, South Central, South Central CASC, open content, outreach, training, Fewer tags Assessing the Impacts of Drought on Migratory Waterbirds in Key Conservation Regions of the Western U.S. Migratory birds may be hit especially hard by climate change – particularly waterbirds that depend on wetlands as resting and feeding sites during their journey between breeding and non-breeding grounds. California’s Central Valley and the interior basins of southeastern Oregon and northeastern California provide some of the most critical wetlands resources to migratory waterbirds in the western U.S. However, these wetlands rely heavily on snow pack and precipitation for water supply, both of which have already decreased due to climate change. Of further concern is the fact that drought conditions resulting from climate change could exacerbate existing water allocation issues in the region. Researchers are examining... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, Birds, Birds, CASC, Completed, All tags... Data Visualization & Tools, Data Visualization & Tools, Drought, Drought, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, National CASC, National CASC, Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, Water, Coasts and Ice, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wetlands, Wetlands, Wildlife and Plants, Wildlife and Plants, Fewer tags Informing and Evaluating Forest Management Strategies to Promote Drought Resistance Severe droughts cause widespread tree mortality and decreased growth in forests across the globe—even in areas with cooler climates. Mitigating the negative effects of climate change, in particular increased drought frequency and severity, poses a major challenge to forest managers. Managers are searching for strategies that minimize the negative effects of drought on forests (i.e. increase their resistance to drought) and maximize the ability of forests to recover after a drought (i.e. improve their resilience). Evidence suggests that forests with certain combinations of tree species, sizes, and stem densities are better able to withstand and recover from drought. The goal of this study was to identify which... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, Data Visualization & Tools, Drought, All tags... Drought, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather, Forests, Forests, Landscapes, Landscapes, National CASC, National CASC, Projects by Region, Science Tools For Managers, adaptation, drought, forest management, wildlife habitat, Fewer tags Science to Action Fellowship: Supporting Graduate Students to Apply Science to Decision Making and Adaptation The mission of the US Geological Survey’s National Climate Adaptation Science Center (NCASC) is to provide managers, policy-makers, and other stakeholders with information and decision-making tools to respond to effects of climate change on natural resources. In support of this goal, the NCASC wishes to support an exceptional mentoring experience for graduate students from select partner institutions in developing policy-relevant products related to managing climate change impacts on fish, wildlife, and/or ecosystems. For many graduate students conducting research on the impacts of climate change on natural resources, disseminating results of their research to managers, policy-makers, and/or other stakeholders is... Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2015, CASC, Completed, National CASC, National CASC, All tags... National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, Projects by Region, Science Tools for Managers, Science Tools for Managers, State of the Science, State of the Science, science to action, student fellowship, Fewer tags 1 2 »