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The Gulf of Alaska is one of the most productive marine ecosystems on Earth, supporting salmon fisheries that alone provide large economic benefits to Southeast Alaska. The region also has a vibrant and growing tourism industry. Glaciers are central to many of the area’s natural processes and economic activities, but the rates of glacier loss in Alaska are among the highest on Earth. Glacier loss threatens to significantly change the amount and timing of nutrients delivered by streams to near-shore habitats. Changes in glacier runoff into the ocean may also impact coastal currents that contribute to vibrant nearshore marine ecosystems. Improving our understanding of how ecosystems depend on glaciers and what glacier...
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The conversion of grassland to cropland in the Dakotas could imperil wildlife such as nesting waterfowl and contribute to the degradation of water quality in the Mississippi River watershed. However, high crop prices in recent years have contributed to a high rate of grassland to cropland conversion on private lands. In addition to these economic factors, changes in climate could exacerbate the challenge of protecting grasslands, as conditions may become more amenable to row crop production. The goal of this project was to work with grassland conservation managers to better target the use of funds allocated toward incentivizing grassland preservation in the Dakotas. Researchers identified the vulnerability of...
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Beaches and marshes provide critical habitat for many species of concern, including the piping plover, a shorebird which is endangered in parts of its range and threatened in others. These coastal environments also support tourism and recreation, and provide important services such as protecting infrastructure from wave inundation. Extreme storms and sea-level rise can alter these habitats, with implications for the species and communities that rely on them. This project seeks to test the utility of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for mapping and monitoring changes in coastal ecosystems. UAS provide a low-cost, low-risk means of acquiring high-resolution data when compared to on-the-ground fieldwork or traditional...
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Fire is a natural and necessary component of the South Central Plains ecosystem. However, fire suppression and more frequent droughts in the region have resulted in a build-up of dry fuels loads such as dead wood, resulting in fires that burn hotter and impact the landscape more severely. Uncontrolled wildfires have cost the region several billion dollars over the past five years. Further, fire suppression has resulted in substantial losses in native plant biodiversity and wildlife habitat, which also has costly implications. In Oklahoma alone, it’s estimated that $157 million will be required to restore rangelands to their native conditions. Of further concern is the fact that projected changes in climate indicate...
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The South Central U.S. is home to diverse climates and ecosystems, strong agricultural and energy sectors, and fast-growing urban areas. All share a critical need for water, which is becoming an increasingly scarce resource across the region as aquifers are overdrawn and populations grow. Understanding what brings rain to this region, and how the timing and amount of precipitation may be affected by climate change, is essential for effective water planning and management, yet community planners and managers have indicated that currently available precipitation forecasts for the South Central are insufficient, due largely to the high levels of uncertainty associated with precipitation projections for the region....
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The Rio Grande-Rio Bravo River is the second longest river in the US and is a critical drinking water source for more than 13 million people. It flows south from the snow-capped mountains of Colorado through the New Mexico desert, forms the border between Texas and Mexico, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico at Brownsville, Texas. The multi-national, multi-state, ecologically diverse nature of this river makes management of the resource a complex task, especially in the context of more frequent droughts, changes in land use patterns, and increasing water use needs. The main objective of this project was to assess the state of water resources management policies and planning tools for the Lower Rio Grande-Rio Bravo...
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Native grasslands have been reduced to a fraction of their original extent, with estimated total loss prior to the 1990s of 70% for prairie grassland (Federal Provincial and Territorial Governments of Canada 2010). Conversion of native grassland to cropland and tame hayfields or pasture has been one of the leading drivers of native grassland loss in North America. Degradation of native grasslands also continues in some areas due to changes in natural disturbance regimes such as fire suppression and intensive prolonged cattle grazing, threats from invasive non-native species, fragmentation, intensification of agriculture, and economic development associated with population growth(Federal Provincial and Territorial...
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Oyster reefs are one of the most important environmental and economic resources within the coastal regions of the United States. Although oyster reefs in deeper water have been mapped, the extent and condition of intertidal reefs has not been sufficiently inventoried in most states. Understanding the geographic extent and condition of intertidal oyster reef and shell bottoms is important for assessing parental stock and to determine potential recruitment bottlenecks for oysters within an estuary. These intertidal areas have traditionally served as a sanctuary from commercial harvest pressure due to closures, safety, and operational barriers preventing the harvesting of oysters in shallow water. The location...
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The Connecticut River is the largest river in New England. It flows 410 miles (660 kilometers) from its source to the Long Island Sound. New Hampshire and Vermont share about two-thirds of the river's length, or 275 miles (443 kilometers). The Connecticut River: is named after the Pequot word “quinetucket,” meaning “long tidal river.” The European corruption of that begat “Connecticut.” provides 70 percent of all the freshwater entering Long Island Sound. The Connecticut River has more than 1,000 dams on its tributaries and 16 dams on its main stem, 12 of which are hydropower projects. Many of these dams are more than 100 years old. The first dinosaur tracks in North America were discovered in Triassic rocks...
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The Ohio River flows through or borders six States and is 981 miles (1,579 kilometers) long, starting at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and ending in Cairo, Illinois, where it flows into the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio River is considerably bigger than the Mississippi River. More than 25 million people, almost 10 percent of the U.S. population, live in the Ohio River Basin, and it is source of drinking water for more than 3 million people even though many sections do not meet water quality standards for bacteria and pathogens, PCBs, lead, mercury, metals, organics, and other pollutants. There are 20 dams on the Ohio River that are managed by...
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There are over 9,000 dams in the Mid-Atlantic States. The great majority of these dams are small (i.e., less than 15 feet high), old, and obsolete mill dams that are in disrepair. Dams, as well as many poorly designed culverts and road crossings, fragment habitat and stop fish migrations for a range of species. Fish species, such as American Shad, river herring, Atlantic and Shortnose Sturgeon, Rainbow Smelt, American Eel, Striped Bass, and many other fish species must migrate for spawning or require unobstructed access throughout watersheds to complete their life-cycles. Most fish that require migrations in this region have populations that are only a fraction of what they were historically. During 2010 to 2014,...
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Regional industries have contributed significant amounts of oil, metals, and other industrial wastes such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and benzene to the Mississippi River. Imperiled waters abound in Missouri and metals such as lead, zinc, and cadmium were historically released into streams from mines in multiple counties, particularly in the old lead mining belts. Over 1,321 miles of Tennessee rivers and streams, 1,507 miles in Kentucky, and 1,493 miles in Arkansas were impaired in 2012 due to release of metals, pesticides, and PCBs. Many chemicals, such as PCBs, have been banned for decades but persist in suspended and bottom sediments of aquatic environments. Poorly treated sewage and wastewater is also...
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Invasive predatory Flathead Catfish are causing population declines of native Redbreast Sunfish and species of Bullhead and Madtom catfishes in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, along with issues for other migratory species, such as Alewife, Blueback Herring, and American Shad. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources maintains a program to control the population in the Satilla River, and North and South Carolina State fishery agencies have similar efforts and concerns. The Savannah River Basin is home to more than 75 species of rare plants and animals and 110 fish species. There are 18 Federally listed fish species in the Savannah River Basin—five are Federally listed as threatened and 13 are Federally...
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Partnership - Great Lakes Basin Fish Habitat Partnership The Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework ( GLAHF) is an international, basin-wide, comprehensive database and spatial framework for the Great Lakes Basin. It is supported by the Great Lakes Basin Fish Habitat Partnership and links available fisheries and habitat inventory, assessment, and monitoring data with restoration and management plans and policies across multiple spatial and temporal scales. GLAHF consists of three components: 1) a spatial framework of geo-referenced grid cells that allow aggregation into larger units; 2) a suite of geologic, hydrologic, connectivity, and physiographic variables (>300) important to aquatic communities attributed...
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The rivers of the Pacific Coast states are heavily altered by dams and diversions ( over 1,400 dams in California, 1,039 in Oregon, 1,174 in Washington ). The dams generally are used for hydropower generation, irrigation, and transportation, all essential to supporting the region’s extensive agricultural and manufacturing (aluminum, aircraft, shipbuilding) industries. Dams create problems for fish such as salmon and steelhead by interrupting or halting their migration from the Pacific to upstream habitats and killing large numbers of young salmon (smolts) as they move downstream through powerhouses or spillways. Numbers of salmon and steelhead have declined drastically from historic levels, and many populations...
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Dams and other barriers are having a significant effect on fish habitat in the Upper Midwest. More than 3,700 dams have been constructed on Wisconsin’s warm water streams. Similarly, there are 2,500 listed dams in Michigan and likely a similar number that are not in the dam safety database for that state. In the Lake Michigan watershed alone, dams, culverts, and road crossings that impede fish migration have reduced nearly 19,000 miles of accessible stream habitat to only 3,300 miles. With many Great Lakes fish species using tributaries as spawning and nursery habitats, these barriers are a significant factor impairing the full recovery of fish populations in the Great Lakes. Similar fragmentation occurs on other...
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For more about specific waters and projects the Hawaii Fish Habitat Partnership is working on, please see the following locations: Community-Based Restoration of the Kiholo Estuary-Fishpond Complex, Hawaii – see featured article Waipa Stream, Kauai – see featured article Lower He’eia Stream, Hawai’i Waipa Stream, Hawai’i
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Partnership - Matanuska-Susitna Basin Salmon Habitat Partnership Montana Creek, near Talkeetna, Alaska in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough has been identified by the State of Alaska as important for the spawning, rearing, or migration of anadromous fish. This system has high quality spawning gravels and provides critical spawning, rearing, and overwintering habitats for Chinook, Coho, Pink, and Chum Salmon as well as resident populations of Rainbow Trout and Arctic Grayling. It receives heavy angling attention during the summer months and is the focus of a variety of ongoing habitat and fish assessment projects, streambank restoration activities, as well as land conservation activities and community asset planning....
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Partnership - Fishers and Farmers Partnership The Boone River Watershed is included in the Mississippi River Basin Initiative and is a priority watershed of the Fishers & Farmers Partnership, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and the Nature Conservancy (TNC). The Boone River is a tributary of the Des Moines River in north-central Iowa. Current and past land use practices in the Boone River Watershed have affected both water flows and currents through excessive siltation. As a result, oxbow habitat has been degraded and fragmented and water quality impaired. Oxbows are wetlands, ponds or lakes, often crescent shaped, that form when a stream reach becomes separated from the main stream when sedimentation...
map background search result map search result map Ice2O: A Continued Assessment of Icefield-to-Ocean Change in the Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest Informing the Identification of Economically Effective Targets for Grassland Conservation in the Dakotas Quantifying Future Precipitation in the South Central U.S. for Water Resources Planning Helping Fire Professionals Understand and Manage Changing Fire Regimes Mapping shallow reefs using low-cost side scanning sonar and drone photography systems Assessing the State of Water Resource Knowledge and Tools for Future Planning in the Lower Rio Grande-Rio Bravo Basin Mapping Coastal Change Using Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Pilot Study Fish Habitat Partnerships Making a Difference in Montana Creek, Alaska Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for Hawaii Facts about Central Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnerships Making A Difference in the Boone River Watershed, Iowa Description of Dams and Other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Upper Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnerships Making a Difference with Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF) Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Mississippi River States Facts About Northeastern States Description of Dams and Diversions Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Pacific Coast States Facts About Southeast Atlantic States Description of Dams and other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Assistance in model integration Report: Comparative Analysis of Native Prairie Spatial Delineation Methods in the Prairie Ecozone Mapping shallow reefs using low-cost side scanning sonar and drone photography systems Mapping Coastal Change Using Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Pilot Study Assistance in model integration Ice2O: A Continued Assessment of Icefield-to-Ocean Change in the Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest Description of Dams and other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Facts About Southeast Atlantic States Informing the Identification of Economically Effective Targets for Grassland Conservation in the Dakotas Facts About Northeastern States Facts about Central Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnerships Making A Difference in the Boone River Watershed, Iowa Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Mississippi River States Description of Dams and Other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Upper Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnerships Making a Difference with Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF) Helping Fire Professionals Understand and Manage Changing Fire Regimes Assessing the State of Water Resource Knowledge and Tools for Future Planning in the Lower Rio Grande-Rio Bravo Basin Description of Dams and Diversions Use as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Pacific Coast States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for Hawaii Quantifying Future Precipitation in the South Central U.S. for Water Resources Planning Report: Comparative Analysis of Native Prairie Spatial Delineation Methods in the Prairie Ecozone Fish Habitat Partnerships Making a Difference in Montana Creek, Alaska