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This study investigated the effects of human land-use on grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L.) habitat and populations in the Kluane region of southwest Yukon, Canada. Previous studies in the region identify grizzlies as the species most at risk from cumulative impacts of human activity. The goals of this project were to: (1) identify the effects of cumulative human activities on grizzly habitat and populations; and (2) provide recommendations on human-use management with respect to the conservation of grizzlies and their habitat. Thus, I investigated three aspects of bear ecology and synthesized them to examine the influence of human-activities on bears. First, I examined the appropriateness of using Tasselled Cap Transformation...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: A1-Wildlife, M1-Mammals
This thesis is about aboriginal and treaty rights to wildlife and wildlife harvesting, including the right to make decisions about these activities in the Northwest Territories. It deals with the erosion of these rights in the period before 1982 and then traces the protection, redefinition and resurgence of these rights since 1982, when section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 was enacted. Section 35 affords constitutional protection to treaty and aboriginal rights including those rights negotiated through modern land claim agreements. This thesis shows that the effect of section 35 jurisprudence and land claims has been to halt the erosion of aboriginal and treaty rights to wildlife and to enhance local control...
At least 63 people were killed in 59 incidents by non-captive black bear (Ursus americanus) during 1900?2009. Fatal black bear attacks occurred in Canada and Alaska (n?=?49) and in the lower 48 states (n?=?14). There were 3.5 times as many fatal attacks in Canada and Alaska but only 1.75 times as many black bears, and much less human contact for black bears in Canada and Alaska. There was a weak positive correlation (rs?=?0.56, P???0.000) between the estimated size of a bear population within a given jurisdiction and the number of fatal black bear attacks. Some jurisdictions had no fatal black bear attacks but had large estimated black bear populations. Of fatal attacks, 86% (54 of 63, 1.08/yr) occurred between...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: A1-Wildlife
The Northwestern Interior Forest, Bird Conservation Region 4 (BCR 4), is North America's westernmost boreal bird conservation region, encompassing interior Alaska and Yukon, and reaching into western Northwest Territories and northern British Columbia. Within Canada, BCR 4 overlaps with the traditional territories of 23 First Nations. This strategy is a first attempt to identify, prioritize and begin to address conservation issues for all birds of Canada's portion of this remote region. The Northwestern Interior Forest region is a mosaic of boreal forest, taiga and alpine tundra, with wetlands and waterbodies sparsely distributed but of high importance to birds. The human population is very small, and many parts...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: A1-Wildlife
The social, cultural and economic value of barren-ground caribou to residents of the Northwest Territories (NWT) is immense. These migratory herds are hunted by Dene, Inuvialuit, Metis and non-aboriginal people from almost all communities on mainland Northwest Territories (NWT). The minimum annual harvest is 11,000 caribou with a minimum economic value of $17 million dollars (includes meat replacement and outfitting). Over the last ten years, the barren-ground caribou herds in the Northwest Territories (NWT) have declined from 40 to 86 percent. Management actions are required to assist declining caribou herds to recover and address the economic hardships resulting from low caribou numbers. The NWT Barren-ground...
The National Wildlife Refuge System in the United States includes about 150 million acres of lands and waters within 550 refuges managed for conservation. A variety of laws, regulations, and management polices help ensure these areas will be preserved for future generations. In a web-based survey, 35 refuges reported having established populations of moose (A ices alces) within their boundaries with nearly 40 million acres of moose habitat, 99% in Alaska. The 4 recognized sub-species of moose in North America were represented on refuges found in 12 states. Approximately 39,000 moose were reported inhabiting refuges in the USA; about 38,000 in Alaska. Only 9 refuges used management practices specifically to benefit...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: A1-Wildlife, B5-Moose
Traditional aboriginal caribou-hunting peoples in northern Canada moved seasonally on the land until the late 1950s and this relationship is thousands of years old (Gordon 1996). Archaeological evidence in the Yukon shows that the relationship between humans and caribou in some parts of the Canadian North is up to 25 000 years old (Cinq-Mars 2001). The distribution of many Dene peoples anticipated the changing migratory movements of the barren ground caribou, especially before settlement. A recent economic valuation of just two of these barren ground herds (the Beverly and Qamanirjuaq herds) found that the domestic hunt of the more than 13 000 aboriginal peoples living on the ranges of these herds has an equivalent...
A management planning program for Kluane National Park Reserve was completed in 1980. A major decision was made to develop a public transit system in the Slims River Area to facilitate visitor access to a large valley glacier. The transit system was not built and the valley was managed as a backcountry hiking area for an interim period. Characteristics of grizzly bear-people conflicts were monitored from 1981 to 1987. Park staff and 2,603 registered overnight backcountry users recorded 503 grizzly observations. Observations of solitary bears increased from 40% of total bear observations in 1981 to 84% in 1987. Frequency of avoidance behavior by grizzlies decreased whereas apparent neutral and approach behaviors...
A content analysis of PCMB meeting minutes from its first meeting to 1993 reveals a repeated pattern of communication in which Native hunters pose questions about the need for caribou research requiring the use of aircraft and collars and the handling of animals, and a response by agency managers to inform community residents about the value of collars in science and/or demonstrating their application. Never discussed openly at PCMB meetings was what the Gwich'in regard as a negotiated order of power-sharing arrangement between Gwich'in and caribou, established in the time before there was time, nunh ttrotsit ultsui gwuno (when the earth was first made), when caribou were people and people were caribou. As told...
Active geomorphic fans experience debris flows, debris floods and/or floods (hydrogeomorphic processes) that can be hazards to humans. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) can also be a hazard to humans. This paper presents the results of a cross-disciplinary study that analyzed both hydrogeomorphic and grizzly bear hazards to wilderness campers on geomorphic fans along a popular hiking trail in Kluane National Park and Reserve in southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. Based on the results, a method is proposed to reduce the risks to campers associated with camping on fans. The method includes both landscape and site scales and is based on easily understood and readily available information regarding weather, vegetation,...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: A1-Wildlife, M1-Mammals
For a community to be involved in natural resources management that community must have the capacity to make management actions. The capacity for a community to be involved in natural resources management or to take management action might be dependent on a wide variety of factors, largely based upon the resource and asset base available to a community. Aerial wolf control as a wildlife management strategy in the state of Alaska is a controversial endeavor. In the rural villages of Allakaket and Alatna wolf trapping was traditionally a commonly practiced subsistence activity but local levels of wolf trapping are currently very low. The State of Alaska began performing aerial wolf control around Allakaket and Alatna...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: A1-Wildlife