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The "company store" at Morenci, Arizona, called Detroit Copper Mining Co in 1898, showing the store, rail cars, people, and horses, with homes in the background.
Categories: Data;
Tags: 1890s,
Arizona,
Arizona Copper Co. Smelter,
Clifton - 15 Min,
Clifton Smelter,
A panorama of the Silver King mine showing mule trains in the street, dumps, the mill, and other buildings.
A man in back of an air compressor inside a building at the Goldfield mine. A dog can be partially seen in the foreground.
Stone corral near the Columbia mine.
Categories: Data;
Tags: 1980s,
Arizona,
Bradshaw Mts. physiographic area,
Columbia - 7.5 Min,
Columbia Gold Mining Property,
Fossil tracks preserved exposed in the zeolite layer at the EZ Claims with a rock pick for scale.
Larval flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) were exposed to arsenate, boron, copper, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, vanadium, and zinc singly, and to five mixtures of five to nine inorganics. The exposures were conducted in reconstituted water representative of the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico. The mixtures simulated environmental ratios reported for sites along the San Juan River (San Juan River backwater, Fruitland marsh, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek). The rank order of the individual inorganics, from most to least toxic, was: copper > zinc > vanadium > selenite > selenate > arsenate > uranium > boron > molybdenum. All five mixtures exhibited additive toxicity...
This investigation evaluated effects of exposure of larval razorback sucker to waterborne and dietary selenium and other contaminants that occur in nursery habitats. Site waters were collected from three localities on the Colorado River near Grand Junction, CO; a total of five test waters (including control) were studied. Razorback sucker larvae were exposed to site-water contaminants via waterborne and dietary exposure using a laboratory food chain (algae, rotifer, razorback sucker). Fish were exposed for 28 days to site waters and food organisms cultured in site waters. Survival data were analyzed by inspection. Growth data were analyzed using analysis of variance to describe the response of fish in each site...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Animals,
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology,
Cypriniformes,
Cypriniformes: growth & development,
Diet,
To test the effect of geochemical heterogeneity on microorganism transport in saturated porous media, we measured the removal of two microorganisms, the bacteriophage PRD1 and oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, in flow-through columns of quartz sand coated by different amounts of a ferric oxyhydroxide. The experiments were conducted over ranges of ferric oxyhydroxide coating fraction of lambda = 0-0.12 for PRD1 and from lambda = 0-0.32 for the oocysts at pH 5.6-5.8 and 10(-4) M ionic strength. To determine the effect of pH on the transport of the oocysts, experiments were also conducted over a pH range of 5.7-10.0 at a coating fraction of lambda = 0.04. Collision (attachment) efficiencies...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Animals,
Bacteriophage PRD1,
Biological Transport,
Cryptosporidium parvum,
Electron,
Although cyclosporine has high specificity for the immune system, immunosuppressive therapy with CsA is often complicated by nephrotoxicity. The main morphologic targets of CsA nephrotoxicity include the tubular epithelial and endothelial cells. These cells were investigated in vitro. CsA caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth, vacuolization and fatty change in adherent cells, detachment, and cell death. Inhibition of 3H-TdR incorporation in cells of both tubular epithelial and endothelial origin occurred between 3 microM and 10 microM. Electron microscopy studies revealed cellular swelling, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the presence of lipid droplets and giant mitochondria. The...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Animals,
Carrier Proteins,
Cell Division,
Cell Line,
Cyclosporins,
Global conservation prioritization usually emphasizes areas with highest species richness or where many species are thought to be at imminent risk of extinction. However, these strategies may overlook areas where many species have biological traits that make them particularly sensitive to future human impact but are not yet threatened because such impact is currently low. In this article, we identify such areas for the world's mammals using latent extinction risk, the discrepancy between a species' current extinction risk and that predicted from models on the basis of biological traits. Species with positive latent risk are currently less threatened than their biology would suggest, usually because they inhabit...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: *Conservation of Natural Resources,
*Ecosystem,
*Mammals/classification,
Animals,
Biological,
The acquisition or designation of new protected areas is usually based on criteria for representation of different ecosystems or land-cover classes, and it is unclear how well-threatened species are conserved within protected-area networks. Here, we assessed how Australia's terrestrial protected-area system (89 million ha, 11.6% of the continent) overlaps with the geographic distributions of threatened species and compared this overlap against a model that randomly placed protected areas across the continent and a spatially efficient model that placed protected areas across the continent to maximize threatened species' representation within the protected-area estate. We defined the minimum area needed to conserve...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: *Endangered Species,
Animals,
Australia,
Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods,
Geography,
Identification of priority areas is a fundamental goal in conservation biology. Because of a lack of detailed information about species distributions, conservation targets in the Zhoushan Archipelago (China) were established on the basis of a species-area-habitat relationship (choros model) combined with an environmental cluster analysis (ECA). An environmental-distinctness index was introduced to rank areas in the dendrogram obtained with the ECA. To reduce the effects of spatial autocorrelation, the ECA was performed considering spatial constraints. To test the validity of the proposed index, a principal component analysis-based environmental diversity approach was also performed. The priority set of islands obtained...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: *Ecosystem,
*Geography,
*Models,
Animals,
Birds/*physiology,
These data are the data for spring body composition and energy content for adult female brown bears from Gates of the Arctic, Lake Clark, Kodiak, and Katmai, Alaska, 2014-2017.
This dataset contains information on the Bullseye Snakehead fish found only in southeastern Florida. It is a subset of a larger database, the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database (NAS). This information resource is an established central repository for spatially referenced biogeographic accounts of introduced aquatic species. The NAS website provides scientific reports, online/real-time queries, spatial data sets, distribution maps, fact sheets, and general information.
Mule teams hauling ore from Garfield to Metcalf, circa 1900.
Categories: Data;
Tags: 1900s,
Arizona,
Arizona Copper Co. Smelter,
Clifton - 15 Min,
Clifton Smelter,
Castle Hot Springs Hotel in background; a pot bellied pig can barely be seen in foreground.
This work characterizes the efficacy of activated carbon amendment in reducing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioavailability to clams (Macoma balthica) from field-contaminated sediment (Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA). Test methods were developed for the use of clams to investigate the effects of sediment amendment on biological uptake. Sediment was mixed with activated carbon for one month. Bioaccumulation tests (28 d) were employed to assess the relationships between carbon dose and carbon particle size on observed reductions in clam biological uptake of PCBs. Extraction and cleanup protocols were developed for the clam tissue. Efficacy of activated carbon treatment was found to increase...
We used variation in a portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region to examine phylogeography of Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, a boreal-adapted small mammal in the central Rocky Mountain region. AMOVA revealed that 65.66% of genetic diversity was attributable to variation within populations, 16.93% to variation among populations on different mountain ranges, and 17.41% to variation among populations within mountain ranges. Nested clade analysis revealed two major clades that likely diverged in allopatry during the Pleistocene: a southern clade from southern Colorado and a northern clade comprising northern Colorado, Wyoming, eastern Utah, and eastern Idaho. Historically restricted gene flow as a result of geographic...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: DNA, Mitochondrial,
DNA, Mitochondrial: genetics,
Evolution, Molecular,
Genetica,
Genetics, Population,
The California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) is a product of the California Department of Fish and Game's Biogeographic Data Branch (BDB). The CNDDB is a computerized library of the status and locations of California's rare species and natural community types. The CNDDB includes in its data all federally and state listed plants and animals, all species that are candidates for listing, all species of special concern, and those species that are considered "sensitive" by government agencies and the conservation community. The CNDDB is a dynamic system with information continually being added and upgraded. The CNDDB contains over 71,000 locational records for over 2,500 elements (plant taxa, animal taxa, and natural...
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