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The major part of the Netherlands consists of a low-lying river delta which is very sensitive to hydrological conditions in the North-Western part of the European continent. The rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt carry through this delta to the North Sea annually nearly 100 km3 of fresh water. This water originates from a drainage basin of about 185 000 km2, which is 6 times the country area. The present geography of the Netherlands has largely been shaped by this river inflow and by the sediments which are carried along. Interaction of these fluxes with North Sea hydrodynamics in a period of rising sea level has produced large lowlands, which in the past millennium have been reclaimed for agricultural, urban and industrial...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Assessment,
National,
climate change,
instruments,
policy,
Two field studies revealed large differences among various subgroups in the population of car drivers. Private drivers, commuters, and business drivers differed strongly with respect to current decisions and behaviour which affect CO2 emissions, and with respect to their sensitivity to various policy instruments. Several promising policy targets were identified" combinations of user groups and behaviours where substantial CO2 reduction may be achieved. The sensitivity of different car user groups to various policy measures showed whether and how desired behavioral changes may be realised.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Culture,
Discussion,
Mobility,
assessment,
consumption,
Federally owned and managed public lands occupy approximately 30 percent of the land area of the United States, and anywhere from 50 percent to more than 80 percent of the land area of many of the western states. Determining the appropriate use of these lands involves balancing objectives related to economic, recreational, and conservation interests. This paper examines established and emerging conflicts within and across these objectives through both a narrative discussion of specific topics and a series of case studies. The authors find that new challenges, including pressures to devote portions of public lands to renewable energy project development and the multifaceted threats presented by climate change, will...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Description,
assessment,
comparison,
energy,
impact,
In February 1983, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) identified the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada as one of nine potentially acceptable sites for a mined geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. The site is in the Great Basin, which is one of five distinct geohydrologic settings considered for the first repository. To determine their suitability, the Yucca Mountain site and the eight other potentially acceptable sites have been evaluated in accordance with the DOE'S General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. These evaluations were reported in draft environmental assessments (EAs), which were issued for public review and comment. After...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Environmental,
Geothermal,
assessment,
energy,
geopressure
Waste frying oils (WFO) can be a good source for the production of biodiesel because this raw material is not part of the food chain, is low cost and can be used in a way that resolves environmental problems (i.e. WFO is no longer thrown into the sewage network). The goal of this article is to propose a method to evaluate the costs of biodiesel production from WFO to develop an economic assessment of this alternative. This method embraces a logistics perspective, as the cost of collection of oil from commercial producers and its delivery to biodiesel depots or plants can be relevant and is an issue that has been little explored in the academic literature. To determine the logistics cost, a mathematical programming...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: assessment,
cellulosic ethanol,
economic,
technology,
traditional
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Assessment,
construction,
eco-footprint,
ecological,
environment,
Because of the inevitable depletion of fossil fuels and the corresponding release of carbon to the environment, the global energy future is complex. Some of the consequences may be politically and economically disruptive, and expensive to remedy. For the next several centuries, fuel requirements will increase with population, land use, and ecosystem degradation. Current or projected levels of aggregated energy resource use will not sustain civilization as we know it beyond a few more generations. At the same time, issues of energy security, reliability, sustainability, recoverability, and safety need attention. We supply a top-down, qualitative model—the surety model—to balance expenditures of limited resources...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Transmission line,
assessment,
environmental,
guidance
We propose a model for an exhausted upper continental crust. The Crepuscular Earth represents a degraded planet where all resources have been extracted and dispersed, and all fossil fuels have been burned. The starting point of the model of crepuscular crust is the composition given by the geochemist Grigor’ev, which is constrained by the conservation of mass statement between the chemical composition of the crust in terms of elements and in terms of minerals. Additionally, the model is given geological consistence, by introducing a series of assumptions based on geological observations. As a result, the obtained crepuscular crust is composed of the 294 most abundant minerals. Together with the model of exhausted...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Critical,
approach,
assessment,
electricity,
generation,
Extraction of natural gas from hard-to-reach reservoirs has expanded around the world and poses multiple environmental threats to surface waters. Improved drilling and extraction technology used to access low permeability natural gas requires millions of liters of water and a suite of chemicals that may be toxic to aquatic biota. There is growing concern among the scientific community and the general public that rapid and extensive natural gas development in the US could lead to degradation of natural resources. Gas wells are often close to surface waters that could be impacted by elevated sediment runoff from pipelines and roads, alteration of streamflow as a result of water extraction, and contamination from introduced...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: assessment,
biofuels,
determinants,
net energy,
quantitative,
Extraction of natural gas from hard-to-reach reservoirs has expanded around the world and poses multiple environmental threats to surface waters. Improved drilling and extraction technology used to access low permeability natural gas requires millions of liters of water and a suite of chemicals that may be toxic to aquatic biota. There is growing concern among the scientific community and the general public that rapid and extensive natural gas development in the US could lead to degradation of natural resources. Gas wells are often close to surface waters that could be impacted by elevated sediment runoff from pipelines and roads, alteration of streamflow as a result of water extraction, and contamination from introduced...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: assessment,
biofuels,
determinants,
net energy,
quantitative,
The impacts of the availability of low-carbon technologies on the regional distribution of mitigation costs are analyzed in a global multi-regional integrated assessment model. Three effects on regional consumption losses are distinguished: domestic measures, trade of fossil energy carriers and trade of emission permits. Key results are: (i) GDP losses and a redirection of investments in the energy system towards capital-intensive technologies are major contributions to regional consumption losses. (ii) A devaluation of tradable fossil energy endowments contributes largely to the mitigation costs of fossil fuel exporters. (iii) In case of reduced availability of low-carbon technologies, the permit market volume...
This study proposes a new use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the operational, environmental and both-unified efficiency measures of US coal-fired power plants. The power plants produce not only desirable outputs (e.g., electricity) but also undesirable outputs (e.g., CO2 and NOx) as a result of their plant operations. A Range-Adjusted Measure (RAM) is used as an original non-radial DEA model. Then, it is reformulated for handling undesirable (bad) outputs. The proposed use of DEA models measures the environmental and unified performance of power plants under two variable alternatives (with and without CO2 emission control) in order to examine both the influence of US Clean Air Act (CAA) on the acid...
The Swedish programme for geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel is approaching major milestones in the form of permit applications for an encapsulation plant and a deep geologic repository. This paper presents an overview of the bedrock and surface modelling work that comprises a major part of the on-going site characterization in Sweden and that results in syntheses of the sites, called site descriptions. The site description incorporates descriptive models of the site and its regional setting, including the current state of the geosphere and the biosphere as well as natural processes affecting long-term evolution. The site description is intended to serve the needs of both repository engineering with respect...
This project will be focused on hosting 2-3 workshops in 2013 to train people to conduct the Springs Stewardship Institute’s spring assessment protocol and promote it as a standardized method. This will facilitate standardized data collection across the landscape that can contribute to a broad-scale inventory and assessment of springs, seeps, and aquatic resources throughout the Desert LCC.
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service,
Shapefile;
Tags: 2012,
AZ-01,
AZ-02,
AZ-03,
AZ-04,
FY2014Recent drought, change agents and the spectrum of greater management needs have highlighted the relative dearth of in situ weather and climate measurement stations in the Great Basin. Thus, interest has grown in supplementing or initiating atmospheric and hydrologic measurements.The purpose of this project was: To review the existing station networks in the context of management needs by providing examples of how climate observation gaps can be assessed Provide some guidelines for the placement of new or augmented stations.This project was funded as a target of opportunity.
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
California,
Climate change,
Conservation Design,
Conservation Planning,
This dataset is intended to assess trends and percent change per year (PCPY) in yearly averages of chlorophyll a within 300 meters of mangrove swamp. Assessments (condition) was classified depending on the following follow thresholds for PCPY: <= -1.0% - “Decreasing” > -1.0 & < 0.0% - “Stable (-)” = 0.0% - “Stable (No Change)” > 0.0 & < 1.0% - “Stable (+)” >= 1.0% - “Increasing”
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: HUC 12,
annual averages,
assessment,
indicator,
landscape conservation,
This dataset is intended to assess trends and percent change per year (PCPY) in yearly averages of dissolved oxygen within 300 meters of mangrove swamp. Assessments (condition) was classified depending on the following follow thresholds for PCPY: <= -1.0% - “Decreasing” > -1.0 & < 0.0% - “Stable (-)” = 0.0% - “Stable (No Change)” > 0.0 & < 1.0% - “Stable (+)” >= 1.0% - “Increasing”
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: HUC 12,
annual averages,
assessment,
environmental quality,
indicator,
This dataset is intended to assess trends and percent change per year (PCPY) in yearly averages of ammonia in Florida, summarized to HUC 12 watershed. Assessments (condition) was classified depending on the following follow thresholds for PCPY: <= -1.0% - “Decreasing” > -1.0 & < 0.0% - “Stable (-)” = 0.0% - “Stable (No Change)” > 0.0 & < 1.0% - “Stable (+)” >= 1.0% - “Increasing”
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: HUC 12,
annual averages,
assessment,
environmental quality,
indicator,
This dataset is intended to assess trends and percent change per year (PCPY) in yearly averages of nitrate within 300 meters of saltwater marsh. Assessments (condition) was classified depending on the following follow thresholds for PCPY: <= -1.0% - “Decreasing” > -1.0 & < 0.0% - “Stable (-)” = 0.0% - “Stable (No Change)” > 0.0 & < 1.0% - “Stable (+)” >= 1.0% - “Increasing”
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: HUC 12,
annual averages,
assessment,
indicator,
landscape conservation,
This dataset is intended to assess trends and percent change per year (PCPY) in yearly averages of temperature within 300 meters of seagrass. Assessments (condition) was classified depending on the following follow thresholds for PCPY: <= -1.0% - “Decreasing” > -1.0 & < 0.0% - “Stable (-)” = 0.0% - “Stable (No Change)” > 0.0 & < 1.0% - “Stable (+)” >= 1.0% - “Increasing”
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: HUC 12,
annual averages,
assessment,
indicator,
landscape conservation,
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