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Twenty-five C-band Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired from the summer of 2002 to the summer of 2005 are used to map a 2003 boreal wildfire (B346) in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska under conditions of near-persistent cloud cover. Our analysis is primarily based on the 15 SAR scenes acquired during arctic growing seasons. The Radarsat-1 intensity data are used to map the onset and progression of the fire, and interferometric coherence images are used to qualify burn severity and monitor post-fire recovery. We base our analysis of the fire on three test sites, two from within the fire and one unburned site. The B346 fire increased backscattered intensity values for the two burn...
Carbon emissions from boreal forest fires are projected to increase with continued warming and constitute a potentially significant positive feedback to climate change. The highest consistent combustion levels are reported in interior Alaska and can be highly variable depending on the consumption of soil organic matter. Here we present an approach for quantifying emissions within a fire perimeter using remote sensing of fire severity. Combustion from belowground and aboveground pools was quantified at 22 sites (17 black spruce and five white spruce-aspen) within the 2010 Gilles Creek burn in interior Alaska, constrained by data from eight unburned sites. We applied allometric equations and estimates of consumption...
This report presents the results of anecological land survey (ELS) effort that inventoried, and classified ecosystems in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. By analyzing the dynamic physical processes associated with coastal, riverine, lowland, glacial, hillside and mountainous environments, and the abundance and distribution of their diverse ecological resources, this study contributes to ecosystem management in national parklands in Alaska.
The Western Arctic Linkage Experiment (WALE) is aimed at understanding the role of high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems in the response of the Arctic system to global change through collection and comparison of climate datasets and model results. In this paper, a spatiotemporal approach is taken to compare and validate model results from the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University?National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) with commonly used analysis and reanalysis datasets for monthly averages of temperature and precipitation in 1992?2000 and for a study area at 55°?65°N, 160°?110°W in northwestern Canada and Alaska. Objectives include a quantitative assessment of similarity between...
The National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Weather Service (NWS) provides daily satellite-derived snow cover maps to support the NWS Hydrologic Services Program covering the coterminous USA and Alaska. This study compared the NOHRSC snow cover maps with new automated snow cover maps produced by the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) and the snow cover maps created from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate and account for the differences that occur between the three different snow cover mapping techniques....
© Author(s) 2015. Boreal fires burn into carbon-rich organic soils, thereby releasing large quantities of trace gases and aerosols that influence atmospheric composition and climate. To better understand the factors regulating boreal fire emissions, we developed a statistical model of carbon consumption by fire for Alaska with a spatial resolution of 450 m and a temporal resolution of 1 day. We used the model to estimate variability in carbon emissions between 2001 and 2012. Daily burned area was mapped using imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer combined with perimeters from the Alaska Large Fire Database. Carbon consumption was calibrated using available field measurements from black...
The identification of clear-sky and cloudy pixels is a key step in the processing of satellite observations. This is equally important for surface and cloud-atmosphere applications. In this paper, the Separation of Pixels Using Aggregated Rating over Canada (SPARC) algorithm is presented, a new method of pixel identification for image data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA satellites. The SPARC algorithm separates image pixels into clear-sky and cloudy categories based on a specially designed rating scheme. A mask depicting snow/ice and cloud shadows is also generated. The SPARC algorithm has been designed to work year-round (day and night) over the temperate and polar regions...
AbstractCanada's RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) will have the capacity to acquire C-band compact polarimetry (CP) data in all imaging modes, over swaths up to 500 km wide. Our study aimed to assess and develop the utility of RCM CP data for the purpose of lake ice breakup monitoring. The breaking ice and open water information content of RADARSAT-2 (R2) polarimetric data and simulated RCM CP data was compared. Despite relative losses in terms of polarization diversity and radiometric sensitivity, RCM-type CP data were concluded to make a good source of information in support lake ice breakup monitoring. For that reason, a CP-based approach, named CP_LakeIceBC, to classify breaking ice and open water for the...
Landsat 8, a NASA and USGS collaboration, acquires global moderate-resolution measurements of the Earth's terrestrial and polar regions in the visible, near-infrared, short wave, and thermal infrared. Landsat 8 extends the remarkable 40 year Landsat record and has enhanced capabilities including new spectral bands in the blue and cirrus cloud-detection portion of the spectrum, two thermal bands, improved sensor signal-to-noise performance and associated improvements in radiometric resolution, and an improved duty cycle that allows collection of a significantly greater number of images per day. This paper introduces the current (2012–2017) Landsat Science Team's efforts to establish an initial understanding of Landsat...