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River ice break-up is known to have important morphological, ecological and socio-economic effects on cold-regions river environments. One of the most persistent effects of the spring break-up period is the occurrence of high-water events. A return-period assessment of maximum annual nominal water depths occurring during the spring break-up and open-water season at 28 Water Survey of Canada hydrometric sites over the 1913?2002 time period in the Mackenzie River basin is presented. For the return periods assessed, 13 (14) stations are dominated by peak events occurring during the spring break-up (open-water) season. One location is determined to have a mixed signal. A regime classification is proposed to separate...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: B3-Hydrological Datasets
An acoustic Doppler current profiler interfaced with a differentially corrected global positioning system was used to map bathymetry and multi-dimensional velocities on the Matanuska River near Circle View Estates, Alaska. Data were collected along four spur dikes and a bend in the river during a period of active bank erosion. These data were collected as part of a larger investigation into channel processes being conducted to aid land managers with development of a long-term management plan for land near the river. The banks and streambed are composed of readily erodible material and the braided channels frequently scour and migrate. Lateral channel migration has resulted in the periodic loss of properties and...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: B3-Hydrological Datasets
Subarctic woodlands comprise stands of spruce trees with varying degrees of openness, giving rise to large contrasts in melt rates within the forest. The spatial variability of the changing snow depth during a melt season was investigated at three scales (2, 4 and 16 m), using an example from a site in Yukon, Canada, where the computation of snowmelt takes into account the differential rates within the woodland. During the melt period, the mean daily snow depth decreases but the variability increases as continued ablation leads to greater unevenness of the snow cover. At the three scales of representation, increasing the grid size results in a reduction in the standard deviation and the skewness of depth distribution....
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: B3-Hydrological Datasets
A suite of subglacial water-pressure records from the 1996 summer field season at Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada, discloses a hydraulic event that cannot readily be explained by known forcings. We suggest that these records indicate covert failure of the pressure sensors caused by at least one large water-pressure pulse. The sign and magnitude of the pulse appears to have varied spatially and the pulse duration was less than the 2 min sampling interval of our data loggers. Laboratory experiments support this interpretation and indicate that the pulse magnitude exceeded 900 m of hydraulic head, roughly 15 times the ice-overburden pressure. Within glaciers, large water-pressure pulses can be generated...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: B3-Hydrological Datasets
This paper provides an introduction to the role of groundwater in watersheds, presents an overview of groundwater resources in British Columbia, and reviews the potential effects of forest management activities (e.g., harvest operations, road building, reforestation, management of mountain pine beetle infestation) on groundwater hydrology. A regional-scale classification of hydrogeologic landscapes for British Columbia is outlined, integrating major physiographic, biogeoclimatic, and groundwater regions. The classification considers characteristics of climate, geology, aquifer type, and interaction with surface water in a generalized way, and summarizes broad-scale expectations about the groundwater hydrology in...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: B3-Hydrological Datasets
Hydrometric monitoring in northern Canada, as in much of the country, was reduced during the mid-1990s in response to fiscal pressures on the federal government. This study uses a combination of canonical correlation and multiple regression analysis to quantify the influence of discontinuing these gauges on prediction of ungauged streamflows in the region. Thirty-four stations in the Mackenzie Basin measuring streamflow from catchments in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, northern Alberta and northern British Columbia were selected for the analysis. Twelve of the 34 stations are now closed. The difference in the predictive capability, as determined by a jack-knife procedure, between using only the active stations...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: B3-Hydrological Datasets
Summary This study represents the first attempt to examine the spatial and seasonal variations of the surface water budget by using state-of-the-art datasets for sixteen large Canadian drainage basins with a total area of 3.2 million km2. The datasets used include two precipitation grids produced using measurements and reanalysis models, land surface evapotranspiration and water surface evaporation estimated using the EALCO model, streamflow measured at hydrometric stations, and total water storage change derived from GRACE satellite observations. The monthly water imbalance resulted from these datasets varied from 7.0 mm month−1 to 21 mm month−1 among the studied basins, which was 30% on average of the corresponding...