Tidal marsh biomass field plot and remote sensing datasets for six regions in the conterminous United States

Note: This dataset has been revised and superseded by version 2.0, available here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P90PG34S. Remote sensing based maps of tidal marshes, both of their extents and carbon stocks, have the potential to play a key role in conducting greenhouse gas inventories and implementing climate mitigation policies. Our objective was to generate a single remote sensing model of tidal marsh aboveground biomass and carbon that represents nationally diverse tidal marshes within the conterminous United States (CONUS). To meet this objective we developed the first national-scale dataset of aboveground tidal marsh biomass, species composition, and aboveground plant carbon content (%C) from six CONUS regions:...

Tags: C-band synthetic aperture radar, Cape Cod, Chesapeake Bay, Ecology, National greenhouse gas inventory, All tags... Puget Sound, Remote Sensing, Remote sensing, San Francisco Bay, St Mary Parish, Terrebonne Parish, The Everglades, aboveground carbon stocks, multispectral imagery, plant biomass, plant functional type, tidal marsh biomass, Fewer tags

04_Field measurements of lakebed groundwater temperatures by using a thermocouple probe, July 2008, August 2014, and August 2015, Falmouth, MA

This dataset contains field measurements of lakebed groundwater temperatures collected during three surveys in July 2008, August 2014, and August 2015, by using a handheld thermocouple probe and GPS at a permeable reactive barrier at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. The comma-separated file includes unique site identifiers, locations of measurement points, temperatures, dates, and types of measurement (groundwater, surface water, or control). Also included are ESRI raster datasets for each measurement date for (1) interpolated lakebed groundwater temperatures, and (2) interpolated lakebed groundwater temperatures normalized to the surface water temperature at the time of measurement. This data release is provided...

Categories: Data; Tags: Cape Cod, Falmouth, Massachusetts, environment, groundwater, All tags... groundwater and surface-water interaction, water temperature, Fewer tags

points, transects, beach width: Barrier island geomorphology and shorebird habitat metrics at 50-m alongshore transects and 5-m cross-shore points: Monomoy Island, MA, 2013-2014

Understanding how sea-level rise will affect coastal landforms and the species and habitats they support is critical for crafting approaches that balance the needs of humans and native species. Given this increasing need to forecast sea-level rise effects on barrier islands in the near and long terms, we are developing Bayesian networks to evaluate and to forecast the cascading effects of sea-level rise on shoreline change, barrier island state, and piping plover habitat availability. We use publicly available data products, such as lidar, orthophotography, and geomorphic feature sets derived from those, to extract metrics of barrier island characteristics at consistent sampling distances. The metrics are then incorporated...

Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, GeoTIFF, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Raster, Shapefile; Tags: Atlantic Ocean, Barrier Island, Bayesian Network, CMHRP, Cape Cod, All tags... Coastal Erosion, Coastal Habitat, Coastal Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal processes, Erosion, GIS, Geographic Information Systems, MA, MHW, Massachusetts, Mean High Water, Monomoy Island, Monomoy Island, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, North America, Probability, Sea Level Rise, Sea-level change, Shoreline Change, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, United States, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, coastal processes, environment, erosion, geographic information systems, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, geospatial analysis, geospatial datasets, hazards, hazards, land use and land cover, sea-level change, transect sampling, Fewer tags

Target-Chemical Concentration Results of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Cape Cod, Massachusetts Tapwater, 2018

This dataset provides the water-quality results for organic and inorganic concentrations analyzed from samples collected at residential tapwater faucets, sourced from private drinking water wells in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Samples were collected in July and August, 2018 from 20 locations. Samples were analyzed at various U.S. Geological Survey laboratories: the National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado for organic compounds; the Redox Chemistry Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado for inorganic constituents; the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory in Lawrence, Kansas for microcystin analyses; and the Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory in Sacramento, California for disinfectant byproduct analyses. Additionally,...

Tags: Cape Cod, Environmental Health, Massachusetts, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), biota, All tags... emerging contaminants, none, point of use, tapwater, Fewer tags

Location of bottom photographs along with images collected in July 2016 by the U.S. Geological Survey off Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts, during field activity 2016-037-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)

Geophysical and geological survey data were collected off Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, in May and July 2016. Approximately 130 linear kilometers of subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, sea floor photographs, and (or) video at 26 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 19 of the 26 sampling sites and video and (or) photographic imagery of the sea floor were taken at all 26 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the sea floor by identifying sediment-texture, seabed morphology, and underlying geologic structure and stratigraphy. Data collected...

Categories: Data; Tags: Atlantic Ocean, CMGP, Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, All tags... GoPro HERO4 Black, Gulf of Maine, JPEG, JPG, Massachusetts, North America, R/V Rafael, SEABOSS, SEABed Observation and Sampling System, Sandwich, Town Neck Beach, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Van Veen grab sampler, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, bay, bottom imagery, bottom photographs, continental shelf, field activity 2016-037-FA, geoscientificInformation, ground-truth, image collections, imagery, location, marine geology, marine geology, marine geology, navigational data, oceans, photographic sampling, photography, photography, photos, sea floor, sea-floor characteristics, seabed imagery, seabed photographs, seafloor, sediments, shapefile, stations, underwater photography, Fewer tags

Baselines for Outer Cape Cod, Massachusetts, generated to calculate shoreline change rates using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1

The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast by compiling a database of historical (mid 1800's-1989) shoreline positions. Trends of shoreline position over long and short-term timescales provide information to landowners, managers, and potential buyers about possible future impacts to coastal resources and infrastructure. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. In 2013, two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts were added using 2008-2009 color aerial orthoimagery and 2007 topographic lidar datasets obtained...

Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Atlantic Coast, Baseline, CMGP, Cape Cod, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, All tags... DSAS, Digital Shoreline Analysis System, Massachusetts, New England, North America, Outer Cape, Shoreline, Shoreline Change, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, coastal processes, environment, geoscientificInformation, geospatial datasets, oceans, Fewer tags

Mean tidal range of marsh units in Massachusetts salt marshes

This data release contains coastal wetland synthesis products for Massachusetts, developed in collaboration with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. Metrics for resiliency, including unvegetated to vegetated ratio (UVVR), marsh elevation, and tidal range are calculated for smaller units delineated from a digital elevation model, providing the spatial variability of physical factors that influence wetland health. The U.S. Geological Survey has been expanding national assessment of coastal change hazards and forecast products to coastal wetlands with the intent of providing Federal, State, and local managers with tools to estimate the vulnerability and ecosystem service potential of these wetlands....

Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Buzzards Bay, Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay, Cape Cod National Seashore, Danvers River, All tags... Duxbury Bay, Essex Bay, Great Marsh Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Ipswich River, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay, Merrimack River, Nantucket, Neponset River, North River, Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, Parker River/Essex Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Pines River, Pleasant Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Plum Island, Sandy Neck/Barnstable Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Scituate Harbor, South River, United States, Wellfleet Harbor Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Weymouth Back River, Weymouth Fore River, coastal ecosystems, coastal processes, environment, estuary, geospatial datasets, inlandWaters, marsh health, oceans, salt marsh, tidal range, tides (oceanic), vegetation, wetland ecosystems, wetland functions, Fewer tags

Elevation of marsh units in Massachusetts salt marshes

This data release contains coastal wetland synthesis products for Massachusetts, developed in collaboration with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. Metrics for resiliency, including unvegetated to vegetated ratio (UVVR), marsh elevation, and tidal range are calculated for smaller units delineated from a digital elevation model, providing the spatial variability of physical factors that influence wetland health. The U.S. Geological Survey has been expanding national assessment of coastal change hazards and forecast products to coastal wetlands with the intent of providing Federal, State, and local managers with tools to estimate the vulnerability and ecosystem service potential of these wetlands....

Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Buzzards Bay, Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay, Cape Cod National Seashore, Danvers River, All tags... Duxbury Bay, Essex Bay, Great Marsh Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Ipswich River, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay, Merrimack River, Nantucket, Neponset River, North River, Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, Parker River/Essex Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Pines River, Pleasant Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Plum Island, Sandy Neck/Barnstable Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Scituate Harbor, South River, United States, Wellfleet Harbor Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Weymouth Back River, Weymouth Fore River, coastal ecosystems, coastal processes, elevation, elevation, environment, estuary, geospatial datasets, inlandWaters, marsh health, oceans, salt marsh, vegetation, wetland ecosystems, wetland functions, Fewer tags

Geospatial Characterization of Salt Marshes for Massachusetts

This data release contains coastal wetland synthesis products for Massachusetts, developed in collaboration with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. Metrics for resiliency, including unvegetated to vegetated ratio (UVVR), marsh elevation, and tidal range are calculated for smaller units delineated from a digital elevation model, providing the spatial variability of physical factors that influence wetland health. The U.S. Geological Survey has been expanding national assessment of coastal change hazards and forecast products to coastal wetlands with the intent of providing Federal, State, and local managers with tools to estimate the vulnerability and ecosystem service potential of these wetlands....

Tags: Buzzards Bay, Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay, Cape Cod National Seashore, Danvers River, All tags... Duxbury Bay, Essex Bay, Great Marsh Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Ipswich River, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay, Merrimack River, Nantucket, Neponset River, North River, Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, Parker River/Essex Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Pines River, Pleasant Bay Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Plum Island, Sandy Neck/Barnstable Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Scituate Harbor, South River, United States, Wellfleet Harbor Area of Critical Environmental Concern, Weymouth Back River, Weymouth Fore River, coastal ecosystems, coastal processes, environment, estuary, geospatial datasets, inlandWaters, marsh health, oceans, salt marsh, vegetation, wetland ecosystems, wetland functions, Fewer tags

Town Neck Beach, Massachusetts, 10 cm 2016-2017 Digital Elevation Models

Low-altitude (80-100 meters above ground level) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) imagery of Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, were used in a structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry workflow to create high-resolution topographic datasets. Imagery was collected at close to low tide on twelve days to observe changes in beach and dune morphology. Ground control points (GCPs), which are temporary targets on the ground located by using a real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK-GNSS) base station and rover, were used to constrain the SfM process. Photoscan (v. 1.2-1.4) was used to create a digital elevation model and orthomosaic for each data collection day. Collection of these data was...

Tags: CMHRP, Cape Cod, Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program, DJI Phantom 3 quadcopter, FC300X, All tags... Massachusetts, Sandwich, Spring Hill Beach, Town Neck Beach, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, aerial photography, coastal processes, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, oceans, remote sensing, structure from motion, Fewer tags

Town Neck Beach, Massachusetts, 5 cm 2016-2017 Orthomosaics

Low-altitude (80-100 meters above ground level) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) imagery of Town Neck Beach in Sandwich, Massachusetts, were used in a structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry workflow to create high-resolution topographic datasets. Imagery was collected at close to low tide on twelve days to observe changes in beach and dune morphology. Ground control points (GCPs), which are temporary targets on the ground located by using a real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK-GNSS) base station and rover, were used to constrain the SfM process. Photoscan (v. 1.2-1.4) was used to create a digital elevation model and orthomosaic for each data collection day. Collection of these data was...

Tags: CMHRP, Cape Cod, Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program, DJI Phantom 3 quadcopter, FC300X, All tags... Massachusetts, Sandwich, Spring Hill Beach, Town Neck Beach, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, aerial photography, coastal processes, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, oceans, remote sensing, structure from motion, Fewer tags

Intersects for coastal region of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, generated to calculate shoreline change rates using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1

The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast and support local land-use decisions. Trends of shoreline position over long and short-term timescales provide information to landowners, managers, and potential buyers about possible future impacts to coastal resources and infrastructure. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. In 2013 two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts were added using 2008-2009 color aerial orthoimagery and 2007 topographic lidar datasets obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal...

Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Atlantic Coast, CMGP, Cape Cod, Cape Cod Bay, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, All tags... DSAS, Digital Shoreline Analysis System, Intersects, Massachusetts, North America, Shoreline, Shoreline Change, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, coastal processes, environment, geoscientificInformation, geospatial datasets, oceans, Fewer tags

Ground control points Head of the Meadow Beach, Truro, MA on March 10, 2023

The data in this release re-map the beach and nearshore environment at Head of the Meadow Beach in Truro, MA and provide updated environmental context for the 2020 CoastCam installation that looks out at the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. This is related to the field activity 2022-015-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region that falls within the field of view of CoastCam CACO-01, which are two video cameras aimed at the beach. In March and April 2023, U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to collect topographic and bathymetric data. Images of the beach for...

Categories: Data; Tags: AeroPoint, CMHRP, Cape Cod, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, GPS measurement, All tags... Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Ground control point, Head of the Meadow Beach, Helikite, Massachusetts, Truro, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, elevation, geolocation measurement, geoscientificInformation, location, oceans, shoreline, Fewer tags

Bathymetric data and grid of offshore Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA on March 20, 2023

The data in this release re-map the beach and nearshore environment at Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, MA and provide updated environmental context for the 2021 CoastCam installation that looks out at the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. This is related to the field activity 2022-014-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region that falls within the field of view of CoastCam CACO-02, which are two video cameras aimed at the beach. In March 2023, U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to collect topographic and bathymetric data. Images of the beach for use in structure-from-motion...

Categories: Data; Tags: ASV, CMHRP, Cape Cod, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Marconi Beach, All tags... Massachusetts, National Seashore, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, WHOI, Wellfleet, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Yellowfin, bathymetry, elevation, geoscientificInformation, geospatial data, location, oceans, remote sensing, shoreline, single-beam echo sounder, single-beam echo sounder, Fewer tags

Ground control points Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA on March 22, 2023

The data in this release re-map the beach and nearshore environment at Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, MA and provide updated environmental context for the 2021 CoastCam installation that looks out at the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. This is related to the field activity 2022-014-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region that falls within the field of view of CoastCam CACO-02, which are two video cameras aimed at the beach. In March 2023, U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to collect topographic and bathymetric data. Images of the beach for use in structure-from-motion...

Categories: Data; Tags: AeroPoint, CMHRP, Cape Cod, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, GPS measurement, All tags... Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Ground control point, Helikite, Marconi Beach, Massachusetts, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, Wellfleet, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, elevation, geolocation measurement, geoscientificInformation, location, oceans, Fewer tags

Code, imagery, and annotations for training a deep learning model to detect wildlife in aerial imagery

These data were collected to support the development of detection and classification algorithms to support Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) studies and assessments associated with offshore wind energy production. There are 3 child zip files included in this data release. 01_Codebase.zip contains a codebase for using deep learning to filter images based on the probability of any bird occurrence. It includes instructions and files necessary for training, validating, and testing a machine learning detection algorithm. 02_Imagery.zip contains imagery that were collected using a Partenavia P68 fixed-wing airplane using a PhaseOne iXU-R 180 forward motion compensating 80-megapixel digital frame camera with...

Tags: Cape Cod, Information Sciences, Lake Michigan, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Wildlife Biology, All tags... biota, birds, datasets, deep learning, oceans, remote sensing, wildlife, Fewer tags

Collection, analysis, and age-dating of sediment cores from salt marshes on the south shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, from 2013 through 2014

The accretion history of fringing salt marshes located on the south shore of Cape Cod is reconstructed from sediment cores collected in low and high marsh vegetation zones. These marshes are micro-tidal, with a mean tidal range of 0.442 m. Their location within protected embayments and the absence of large rivers results in minimal sediment supply and a dominance of organic matter contributions to sediment peat. Age models based on 210-lead and 137-cesium are constructed to evaluate how vertical accretion and carbon burial rates have changed over the past century. The continuous rate of supply age model was used to age date 11 cores (10 low marsh and 1 high marsh) across four salt marshes. Both vertical accretion...

Categories: Data; Tags: 137-cesium, 210-lead, Barnstable County, Cape Cod, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, All tags... Eel Pond, Environmental Health, Falmouth, Geochemistry, Great Pond, Hamblin Pond, Sage Lot Pond, Soil Sciences, United States of America, Waquoit Bay, Water Quality, Water Resources, accretion rate, carbon, carbon burial, carbon isotope analysis, elevation, geoscientificInformation, high marsh, location, low marsh, nitrogen, oceans, piston coring, radiometric dating, salt marsh elevation, sea-level change, sedimentation, soil chemistry, Fewer tags

Bathymetric data and grid of offshore Head of the Meadow Beach, Truro, on March 18, 2022

These data map the beach and nearshore environment at Head of the Meadow Beach in Truro, MA, providing updated regional context for the 2019 CoastCam installation. CoastCam CACO-01 are two video cameras aimed at the beach that view the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. These data were collected as part of field activity 2022-015-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region. In March 2022, U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to re-map the field of view of the CoastCam. Aerial images of the beach for use in structure from motion were taken with a camera (Sony a6000)...

Categories: Data; Types: Downloadable, GeoTIFF, Map Service, Raster; Tags: Autonomous surface vehicle, CMHRP, Cape Cod, CoastCam, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, All tags... Head of the Meadow Beach, Massachusetts, Truro, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Yellowfin, bathymetry, geoscientificInformation, oceans, remote sensing, single-beam echo sounder, Fewer tags

Topographic and bathymetric data, structure from motion imagery, and ground control data collected at Head of the Meadow Beach, Truro, MA in March 2022, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2022-015-FA

These data map the beach and nearshore environment at Head of the Meadow Beach in Truro, MA, providing updated regional context for the 2019 CoastCam installation. CoastCam CACO-01 are two video cameras aimed at the beach that view the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. These data were collected as part of field activity 2022-015-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region. In March 2022, U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to re-map the field of view of the CoastCam. Aerial images of the beach for use in structure from motion were taken with a camera (Sony a6000)...

Tags: CMHRP, Cape Cod, CoastCam, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Geomorphology, All tags... Head of the Meadow Beach, Helikite, Marine Geology, Massachusetts, Remote Sensing, Truro, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, WHCMSC, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, aerial photography, coastal processes, datasets, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, imagerybaseMapsEarthCover, remote sensing, structure from motion, Fewer tags

03_Field measurements of temperature in vertical lake-bottom profiles near a permeable reactive barrier, Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA

This dataset contains field measurements of temperature in shallow vertical profiles beneath a lake-bottom in the vicinity of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. From August 21, 2015 – September 3, 2015 vertical temperature profilers designed to quantify groundwater upwelling dynamics were installed at seven locations. Hollow stainless steel pipes (2.5 cm OD) were slotted horizontally to allow installation of iButton thermal data loggers (Maxim Integrated DS1922L, 0.0625 oC precision) protected with waterproof silicone caulking. The temperature profilers were gently tapped into the cobbly bed by first driving guide-hole of slightly smaller diameter. After installation, the thermal loggers...

Categories: Data; Tags: Cape Cod, Falmouth, Massachusetts, groundwater, groundwater and surface-water interaction, All tags... groundwater flow, Fewer tags