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Natural gas plays a key role in our nation’s clean energy future. Recent advances in drilling technologies—including horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing—have made vast reserves of natural gas economically recoverable in the US. Responsible development of America’s oil and gas resources offers important economic, energy security, and environmental benefits. Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique used to maximize production of oil and natural gas in unconventional reservoirs, such as shale, coalbeds, and tight sands. During hydraulic fracturing, specially engineered fluids containing chemical additives and proppant are pumped under high pressure into the well to create and hold open fractures...
Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in depleted oil reservoirs is one of the viable options for carbon management. This paper describes the preliminary modeling and flow simulation part of a DOE sponsored CO2 sequestration project. The main objective of the project is to understand the feasibility of long term sequestration of CO2 in a depleted oil reservoir through a field demonstration experiment. Before the actual CO2 injection begins, it was necessary to determine feasibility of injection. Advanced geologic modeling and flow simulation techniques were used to develop a model for the proposed target interval. A geologic model was developed using data available from well logs and cores. Subsequently, porous...
Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in depleted oil reservoirs is one of the viable options for carbon management. This paper describes the preliminary modeling and flow simulation part of a DOE sponsored CO2 sequestration project. The main objective of the project is to understand the feasibility of long term sequestration of CO2 in a depleted oil reservoir through a field demonstration experiment. Before the actual CO2 injection begins, it was necessary to determine feasibility of injection. Advanced geologic modeling and flow simulation techniques were used to develop a model for the proposed target interval. A geologic model was developed using data available from well logs and cores. Subsequently, porous...
This discussion draws upon the author's experience with the US General Accounting Offices's Energy Planning Review Team, which analyzed the planning processes and procedures (as well as the products) used by the US Department of Energy. It suggests that the DOE's preoccupation with 'rational' planning techniques in the face of incremental political and organizational realities explains many of the recent energy policy failures. These failures, however, viewed through an 'adaptive-learning' perspective provide valuable clues to potentially more successful analytical activities, and eventually, perhaps, more rational and systematic energy policies.
Understanding the sources and quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical to developing an emissions inventory that accurately represents various oil and gas industry segment operations. To address this, the American Petroleum Institute (API) formed a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodology Working Group. The working group’s objectives were to review, summarize and recommend methodologies for consistent estimation of GHG emissions from oil and gas industry facilities, including exploration and production through refining to product marketing. In a continued pursuit of consistent emission estimation methodologies for the oil and gas industry, the working group is meeting with other protocol development...
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Grid reflects locations of estimated aragonite saturation state under a CO2 stabilization level of 380 ppm, which is approximately equivalent to the present day (2011). The indicator of ocean acidification is the projected saturation level of aragonite, the form of calcium carbonate that corals use to build their skeletons. As dissolved CO2 levels increase, the aragonite saturation state decreases, which makes it more difficult for coral to build their skeletons. Aragonite saturation states of less than 3.0 are extremely marginal for coral growth. See the Reefs at Risk Revisited report and technical notes for more information.
The use of carbon dioxide to control aquatic invasive species (AIS) prompted an evaluation of its effects on native freshwater mussels that may reside in areas of infusion. We exposed juvenile mussels (~6-mo old) of two species, the fat mucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and the federally endangered Higgins’ Eye (L. higginsii) to CO2 concentrations proposed for AIS control (24,000 – 96,000 µatm pCO2 ) for 28 d followed by a 14-d recovery period and compared their survival, growth, and behavior. Additionally, tissue and shell condition and transcriptomic response of four genes were measured in L. siliquoidea. Survival was similar between species; the 14-d postexposure LC50 for L.higginsii was 61,000 µatm pCO2 (95% CL...
Control technology for dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) currently relies heavily on chemical molluscicides that can be both costly and ecologically harmful. There is a need to develop more environmentally neutral control tools to manage dreissenid mussels, particularly in cooler water. Carbon dioxide has been shown to be lethal to several species of invasive bivalves, including zebra mussels and Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea). We evaluated the effects of various treatment regimes [i.e., exposure duration and pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide)] on mortality, byssal thread formation and attachment, and narcotization behavior. The effects of elevated carbon dioxide on nontarget native...
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This study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into water as a possible behavioral stimulant to enhance capture and removal of invasive red swamp crayfish (RSC, Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) from a retention pond in southeastern Michigan. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine if target CO2 concentrations were attainable within the infested pond, and (2) determine if CO2 treatment was effective to push RSC towards shorelines or onto dry land where they could be collected and removed. Carbon dioxide was applied directly into one treatment pond (~2,500 m3) in Novi, MI. Two nearby ponds in Livonia, MI were used as untreated control ponds. Crayfish removal efficiency was evaluated in all ponds using...
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This data release includes metadata and tabular data that documents the total body length of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) removed from anchialine pools during field trials testing the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as tool for eradicating invasive fish. Tilapia were removed from a pool at Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawaii during 2021-2022.
This data release is associated with a journal article titled, "Aquatic-Terrestrial Linkages Control Metabolism and Carbon Dynamics in a Mid-sized, Urban Stream Influenced by Snowmelt." The data were collected adjacent to USGS stream gage 06730200 and include observed and modeled values. Dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide, stream depth, water temperature, and light intensity were collected via passive water quality sensors. Modeled values include gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem production, reaeration, and light (when observed values were unavailable). Modeled values were obtained through streamMetabolizer, a USGS-sponsored R-package for estimating rates of stream metabolism....
CO2 transport processes relevant for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site in the front range of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA, were investigated during a pilot experiment. We found that cold, moist, and CO2-rich air was transported downslope at night and upslope in the early morning at this forest site situated on a ∼ 5% east-facing slope. We found that CO2 advection dominated the total CO2 transport in the NEE estimate at night although there are large uncertainties because of partial cancellation of horizontal and vertical advection. The horizontal CO2 advection captured not only the CO2 loss at night, but also the CO2 uptake during daytime. We found that horizontal CO2...
Natural gas plays a key role in our nation’s clean energy future. Recent advances in drilling technologies—including horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing—have made vast reserves of natural gas economically recoverable in the US. Responsible development of America’s oil and gas resources offers important economic, energy security, and environmental benefits. Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique used to maximize production of oil and natural gas in unconventional reservoirs, such as shale, coalbeds, and tight sands. During hydraulic fracturing, specially engineered fluids containing chemical additives and proppant are pumped under high pressure into the well to create and hold open fractures...
State governments have taken the lead on U.S. energy and climate policy. It is not yet clear, however, whether state energy policy portfolios can generate results in a similar magnitude or manner to their presumed carbon mitigation potential. This article seeks to address this lack of policy evidence and contribute empirical insights on the carbon mitigation effects of state energy portfolios within the U.S. electricity sector. Using a dynamic, long-term electricity dispatch model with U.S. power plant, utility, and transmission and distribution data between 2010 and 2030, this analysis builds a series of state-level policy portfolio scenarios and performs a comparative scenario analysis. Results reveal that state...
We measured the ventilatory response of anesthetized, unidirectionally ventilated pigeons and burrowing owls to changes in intrapulmonary CO2 concentration and the static CO2 sensitivity of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) in these species and the domestic goose. Compared with pigeons, burrowing owls showed a significantly reduced respiratory frequency and amplitude response to increases in FICO2 from 0.05 to 0.10, which corroborates similar findings in intact, awake individuals of the same species. The average static CO2 sensitivity of IPC in geese, pigeons, and burrowing owls, as reflected by the average slope of the linear regressions of receptor discharge frequency on ln(PICO2), was -7.96, -11.1 and -6.87...
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These data were compiled to understand the responses of dryland ecosystem properties to long-term simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Objective(s) of our study were to uncover any changes in soil biogeochemistry and ecosystem properties to long-term nitrogen amendments. These data represent ecosystem property data compiled over the nine-year history of a nitrogen deposition simulation experiment. These data were collected from three sites representing a gradient of soil texture in Arches National Park. Data collection began in 2013 and continued through 2019, though metrics were collected at a range of intervals within that timeframe. These data were collected by U.S. Geological Survey field technicians using...
Spreadsheets include data that was used to evaluate the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) deterrence at different temperatures in invasive carps. There are 8 csv files and 2 folders containing text documents associated with this study.
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This dataset provides model specifications used to estimate metabolism. The format is a table with 1 row per model (1 tab-delimited file, compressed into zip file). The specific format of this configuration file is arbitrary and specific to this analysis, and the format need not be replicated to use streamMetabolizer; however, this tabular format is useful because it allows for the reading by both humans and computers of (1) the combinations of sites and temporal resolutions for which models were run, (2) the timeseries data that were selected and combined to prepare the input to each model, and (3) the model specifications and parameters that were used in each model application. This dataset is part of a larger...
Tags: 007, 012, AK, AR, Aerobic respiration, All tags...
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Hourly carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements from four locations of snowpack profiles with vertical spacing of 20 cm over seven winters (2010-2016) at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) in southern Wyoming. All supporting data on snowpack properties (mostly modeled) are included to calculate hourly snowpack CO2 fluxes from raw data. In addition, turbulence from the adjacent AmeriFlux eddy covariance scaffold are included for statistical analyses. For comparison purposes, manual CO2 measurements collected at the site from 1998-1999 and 2004-2010 are also included. In addition to data, all scripts are provided to calculate fluxes and determine statistical effects of year, replicate and turbulence on...
We examined bird and bat mortality at a new 89-turbine windfarm constructed in an environmentally sensitive area in north-central Iowa. The windfarm became operational in November 2001. It is located in cropland between three Wildlife Management Areas (WMA's) with historically high bird use. In the past, migrant and resident waterfowl, shorebirds, raptors, and songbirds moved between the WMA's through the area now occupied by the windfarm. Studies of bird collision mortality in California and elsewhere raised concerns about the possibility of mortalities in this area. From April 15, 2003 and December 15, 2003 we searched for dead animals under 26 randomly selected turbines. Six 76.2 m by 3.0 m transects were maintained...
map background search result map search result map Ocean acidification (aragonite saturation state) - atmospheric CO2 stabilization level of 380 ppm (present) Vertical snowpack CO2 profile measurements from 2010-2016 in a subalpine forest in southern Wyoming Metabolism estimates for 356 U.S. rivers (2007-2017): 5. Model configurations Modeled Stream Metabolism in Boulder Creek near Boulder, CO (2016 - 2018) Ecological property data and experimental lab incubation results from a long-term nitrogen deposition simulation experiment in three semi-arid grasslands, Arches National Park, Utah, USA, 2013-2019 Water quality and atmospheric carbon dioxide data for field application of carbon dioxide during summer 2018 as a behavioral control method for invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in southeastern Michigan water retention ponds. Puuhonua o Honaunau and Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Parks, carbon dioxide as a tool to manage invasive fish in anchialine pools, fish body length measurements, 2021-2022 Vertical snowpack CO2 profile measurements from 2010-2016 in a subalpine forest in southern Wyoming Modeled Stream Metabolism in Boulder Creek near Boulder, CO (2016 - 2018) Ecological property data and experimental lab incubation results from a long-term nitrogen deposition simulation experiment in three semi-arid grasslands, Arches National Park, Utah, USA, 2013-2019 Water quality and atmospheric carbon dioxide data for field application of carbon dioxide during summer 2018 as a behavioral control method for invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in southeastern Michigan water retention ponds. Puuhonua o Honaunau and Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Parks, carbon dioxide as a tool to manage invasive fish in anchialine pools, fish body length measurements, 2021-2022 Metabolism estimates for 356 U.S. rivers (2007-2017): 5. Model configurations Ocean acidification (aragonite saturation state) - atmospheric CO2 stabilization level of 380 ppm (present)