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These data represent total vegetation and surface water along approximately 12 kilometers of the Paria River upstream from the confluence of the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona. They are derived from airborne, multispectral imagery obtained in late May 2009, 2013, and 2021, collected with a push-broom sensor with 4 spectral bands depicting Blue, Green, Red and Near-Infrared wavelengths at a spatial resolution of 20 centimeters. The vegetation classification data were created using a supervised classification algorithm provided by Harris Geospatial in ENVI version 5.6.3 (Exelis Visual Information Solutions, Boulder, Colorado). The water data were created using a Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index...
The western coastline of Alaska spans over 10,000 km of diverse topography ranging from low lying tundra in the north to sharp volcanic relief in the south. Included in this range are areas highly susceptible to powerful storms which can cause coastal flooding, erosion and have many other negative effects on the environment and commercial efforts in the region. In order to better understand the multi-scale and interactive physics of the deep ocean,continental shelf, near shore, and coast, a large unstructured domain hydrodynamic model is being developed using the finite element, free surface circulation code ADCIRC.This model is a high resolution, accurate, and robust computational model of Alaska’s coastal environment...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL PROCESSES,
COASTAL PROCESSES,
Understanding the causes of relative sea level rise requires knowledge of changes to both land (uplift and subsidence) and sea level. However, measurements of coastal uplift or subsidence are almost completely lacking in western Alaska. This project provided precise measurements of prioritized benchmarks across the Western Alaska geography, improving the network of published tidal benchmark elevations, allowing for tidal datum conversion in more places, and providing a necessary component for improved inundation studies in coastal communities and low-lying areas. The project’s map of vertical velocities (uplift/subsidence) of western Alaska (see ‘Final Project Report’ & ‘Vertical Velocity Map’, below) will be combined...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL ELEVATION,
COASTAL ELEVATION,
Understanding the causes of relative sea level rise requires knowledge of changes to both land (uplift and subsidence) and sea level. However, measurements of coastal uplift or subsidence are almost completely lacking in western Alaska. This project provided precise measurements of prioritized benchmarks across the Western Alaska geography, improving the network of published tidal benchmark elevations, allowing for tidal datum conversion in more places, and providing a necessary component for improved inundation studies in coastal communities and low-lying areas. The project’s map of vertical velocities (uplift/subsidence) of western Alaska (see ‘Final Project Report’ & ‘Vertical Velocity Map’, below) will be combined...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL ELEVATION,
COASTAL ELEVATION,
This project used previously collected ShoreZone imagery to map nearly 1,600 km of coastline between Wales and Kotzebue. With additional mapping supported by the Arctic LCC and National Park Service, this effort completed the Kotzebue Sound shoreline, which now has been included in the state-wide ShoreZone dataset. The complete ShoreZone dataset for the region was used to conduct a coastal hazards analysis and create maps that identify areas undergoing rapid coastal erosion and areas that are sensitive to inundation by storm surge and sea level rise
The data herein are geochemical (from X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry), grain size (percent clay, silt, sand), lithological (loss on ignition data), bathymetric, reconstructed IVT, and radioactive isotopes (14-C, 210-Pb, 226-Ra, and 137-Cs). These data were collected from sediments from Leonard Lake, Mendocino County, California, USA starting in 2014. Together, these data provide evidence for a record of extreme precipitation going back three millennia, showing regional pluvial and drought cycles.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: California,
Climatology,
Geography,
Hydrology,
Limnology,
Background / Problem – The City of Ithaca, Tompkins County, N.Y., is in the process of developing a flood management plan for the streams that flow through the City. Flooding in the City is caused by a variety of distinct and sometimes interconnected reasons. Flooding often is a result of snowmelt and rain during the winter and spring. Slow ice-melt and breakup can lead to ice jams and subsequent flooding. Flash floods are produced by summer thunderstorms. All of these flood types are compounded by two factors: the storm-sewer system in the City and the elevation of Cayuga Lake. The storm sewers drain to the nearby streams at points below the tops of the streambanks. Because the streamward ends of the storm sewers...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cascadilla Creek,
Cayuga Inlet,
Cooperative Water Program,
Fall Creek,
Flood Science,
This data release provides flooding extent polygons based on sea-level rise and wave-driven total water levels for the coast of American Samoa's most populated islands of Tutuila, Ofu-Olosega, and Tau. Oceanographic, coastal engineering, ecologic, and geospatial data and tools were combined to evaluate the increased risks of storm-induced coastal flooding due to climate change and sea-level rise. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flooding due to waves and storm surge at 10-m2 resolution along these islands coastlines for annual (1-year), 20-year, and 100-year return-interval storm events and +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m sea-level rise scenarios.
Categories: Data;
Tags: CMHRP,
Climate Change,
Coastal Processes,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
Earth sciences,
A high spatial resolution storm surge model was developed for the YK Delta area to assess biological impacts of storm surges under current and future climates. Storm surges are expected to be more frequent and more severe in the YK Delta area due to climate change and sea level rise. The biological impacts in the YK Delta due to the changed storm surges could be extreme.The model was assessed with respect to measured water level data at the coast and, where available, spatial extent of inundation, for 6 storms from the period 1992 to 2011. In total, inundation projections from 9 historical storms (5 from the assessment + 4 others) were developed. For each storm, an spatial inundation index (time-integral of water...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS,
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS,
Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
Abstract (from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143383191400105X): Floodplain forests are extremely productive for agriculture and historical floodplain forests have been converted to prime agricultural land throughout the world, resulting in disruption of ecosystem functioning. Given that flooding may increase with climate change and reforestation will increase resiliency to climate change, we tested whether reforested floodplains also have great potential to store carbon and the effects of even modest increases in forested acreage on carbon storage. To calculate potential aboveground biomass in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) of the United States, we determined current and historical...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Agriculture,
Climate change,
Ecosystem services,
Flooding,
Forests,
This data release includes representative cluster profiles (RCPs) from a large (>24,000) selection of coral reef topobathymetric cross-shore profiles (Scott and others, 2020). We used statistics, machine learning, and numerical modelling to develop the set of RCPs, which can be used to accurately represent the shoreline hydrodynamics of a large variety of coral reef-lined coasts around the globe. In two stages, the data were reduced by clustering cross-shore profiles based on morphology and hydrodynamic response to typical wind and swell wave conditions. By representing a large variety of coral reef morphologies with a reduced number of RCPs, a computationally feasible number of numerical model simulations can be...
Categories: Data;
Types: NetCDF OPeNDAP Service;
Tags: CMHRP,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,
Marine Geology,
PCMSC,
This dataset contains information on the probabilities of storm-induced erosion (collision, inundation and overwash) for each 100-meter (m) section of the United States Pacific coast for return period storm scenarios. The analysis is based on a storm-impact scaling model that uses observations of beach morphology combined with sophisticated hydrodynamic models to predict how the coast will respond to the hydrodynamic forcing. Storm-induced water levels, due to both surge and waves, are compared to coastal elevations to determine the probabilities of three types of coastal change: collision (dune erosion), overwash, and inundation. Data on morphology (dune crest and toe elevation) and hydrodynamics (storm surge,...
This data release provides flooding extent polygons and flood depth rasters (geotiffs) based on sea-level rise and wave-driven total water levels for the coast of the most populated Hawaiian, Mariana, and American Samoan Islands. Oceanographic, coastal engineering, ecologic, and geospatial data and tools were combined to evaluate the increased risks of storm-induced coastal flooding due to climate change and sea-level rise. We followed risk-based valuation approaches to map flooding due to waves and storm surge at 10 square meter resolution along these islands’ coastlines for annual (1-year), 20-year, and 100-year return-interval storm events and +0.25 m, +0.50 m, +1.00 m, +1.50 m, +2.00 m, and +3.00 m sea-level...
Categories: Data;
Tags: CMHRP,
Climate Change,
Climatology,
Coastal Processes,
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program,
Dynamically downscaled future wave projections from SWAN model results for the main Hawaiian Islands
Projected wave climate trends from WAVEWATCH3 model output were used as input for nearshore wave models (for example, SWAN) for the main Hawaiian Islands to derive data and statistical measures (mean and top 5 percent values) of wave height, wave period, and wave direction for the recent past (1996-2005) and future projections (2026-2045 and 2085-2100). Three-hourly global climate model (GCM) wind speed and wind direction output from four different GCMs provided by the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), were used as boundary conditions to the physics-based WAVEWATCH3 numerical wave model for the area encompassing the main Hawaiian islands. Two climate change scenarios for each of the four GCMs...
This data release provides flooding extent polygons (flood masks) and depth values (flood points) based on wave-driven total water levels for 22 locations within the States of Hawaii and Florida, the Territories of Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. For each of the 22 locations there are eight associated flood mask polygons and flood depth point files: one for each four nearshore wave energy return periods (rp; 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-years) and both with (wrf) and without (worf) the presence of coral reefs. These flood masks can be combined with economic, ecological, and engineering tools to provide a rigorous financial valuation...
The western coastline of Alaska is highly susceptible to coastal storms, which can cause coastal erosion, flooding, and have other pernicious effects to the environment and commercial efforts. The reduction in ice coverage due to climate change could potentially increase the frequency and degree of coastal flooding and erosion. Further, estuaries and delta systems act as conduits for storm surges, so when there is less nearshore ice coverage, these systems could introduce storm surge into terrestrial environments unaccustomed to saline intrusion, flooding, or other alien biogeochemical factors.This project quantified the effect of reduced nearshore ice coverage on coastal flooding. The project developed a large...
Categories: Collection,
Data;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL PROCESSES,
COASTAL PROCESSES,
An integrated high resolution tide and storm surge model has been developedfor all of coastal Alaska. The model uses the ADCIRC basin-to-channelscale unstructured grid circulation code. Tidal forcing from global tidal modelsand meteorological forcing from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysisare used. The model’s tidal solution has been validated at 121 shelf andnearshore stations. The model’s skill has been investigated for summer, falland winter storms. Sea ice has been incorporated through a parameterizedwind drag coefficient which modifies the air-sea drag under ice coverage.Three large storms with distinctly different ice coverages were chosen to exhibitthe effect of sea ice on the resulting storm surge. The...
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL AREAS,
COASTAL PROCESSES,
COASTAL PROCESSES,
This project used previously collected ShoreZone imagery to map nearly 1,600 km of coastline between Wales and Kotzebue. With additional mapping supported by the Arctic LCC and National Park Service, this effort completed the Kotzebue Sound shoreline, which now has been included in the state-wide ShoreZone dataset. The complete ShoreZone dataset for the region was used to conduct a coastal hazards analysis and create maps that identify areas undergoing rapid coastal erosion and areas that are sensitive to inundation by storm surge and sea level rise.
A process-based wave-resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non-Hydrostatic, ‘XBNH’) was used to create a large synthetic database for use in a “Bayesian Estimator for Wave Attack in Reef Environments” (BEWARE), relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef-lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE improves system understanding of reef hydrodynamics by examining the intrinsic reef and extrinsic forcing factors controlling runup and flooding on reef-lined coasts. The Bayesian estimator has high predictive skill for the XBNH model outputs that are flooding indicators, and was validated for a number of available field cases. BEWARE is a potentially powerful tool...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
NetCDF OPeNDAP Service;
Tags: CMGP,
Coastal and Marine Geology Program,
Geomorphology,
Geophysics,
PCMSC,
Schematic atoll models with varying theoretical morphologies were used to evaluate the relative control of individual morphological parameters on alongshore transport gradients. Here we present physics-based numerical SWAN model results of incident wave transformations for a range of atoll and island morphologies and sea-level rise scenarios. Model results are presented in NetCDF format, accompanied by a README text file that lists the parameters used in each model run. These data accompany the following publication: Shope, J.B., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2019, Assessing morphologic controls on atoll island alongshore sediment transport gradients due to future sea-level rise: Frontiers in Marine Science, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00245.
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