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Carbon dioxide evolution in runoff from simulated rainfall on long-term no-till and plowed soils in southwestern Ohio Water erosion results in the mobilization and depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC), but studies providing direct experimental evidence of eroded C mineralization and its linkage to the global C cycle are lacking. A study was conducted to determine the mineralization of SOC in runoff from a southwestern Ohio Crosby soil (fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) that had been under no-till (NT), chisel till (CT) and moldboard plow (MP) for 38 years. To simulate present and future soil erosion conditions, the 0–3 and 5–8 cm soil layers from triplicate soil blocks extracted from each tillage practice were used. Soil layers were transferred to runoff trays and simulated rainfall (30±5 mm h−1) was applied for 1 h. Runoff... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Carbon dioxide, Data Visualization & Tools, Erosion, Landscapes, Northeast CASC, All tags... Ohio, Other Landscapes, Science Tools For Managers, Sediment, Soil organic carbon, Tillage, Fewer tags Historical Stream Fish Distribution Database for the Conterminous United States (1950-1990): IchthyMaps Fish occurrence data to support high-resolution distribution models and test various community and macroecological hypotheses have not been available at the national scale. We present IchthyMaps, a database of high-quality historical fish occurrences covering fishes of the conterminous United States. Designed on the principles of metacommunity ecology, IchthyMaps is a compilation of presence records from atlases up to 1990, at the resolution of the 1:100,000 National Hydrography Database Plus (NHDPlus) inter-confluence stream segment, readily aggregated into hierarchically coarser units (e.g. hydrologic unit code 8-digit and 12-digit watersheds). IchthyMaps contains about 606,550 presence records for 1,038 species... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Biological Data, Biological sampling, All tags... California, Colorado, Connecticut, Conterminous United States, Deleware, District of Columbia, Ecological distribution, Florida, Freshwater fishes, Georgia, Historical data, Historical data, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Lentic, Lotic, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, NFHP Cooperator, NHDPlusV2, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, NoVisual, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Spatial Data, Spatial distribution, Species presence, Species presence, Tennessee, Texas, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Fewer tags Management implications of the relationships between water chemistry and fishes within channelized headwater streams in the midwestern United States Many headwater streams in the midwestern United States were channelized for agricultural drainage. Conservation practices are implemented to reduce nutrient, pesticide, and sediment loadings within these altered streams. The impact of these practices is not well understood because their ecological impacts have not been evaluated and the relationships between water chemistry and fishes are not well understood. We evaluated relationships between water chemistry and fish communities within channelized headwater streams of Cedar Creek, Indiana, and Upper Big Walnut Creek, Ohio. Measurements of water chemistry, hydrology, and fishes have been collected from 20 sites beginning in 2005. Multiple regression analyses indicated... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Data Visualization & Tools, Indiana, Landscapes, Northeast CASC, Ohio, All tags... Other Landscapes, Science Tools For Managers, conservation practices, fish communities, headwater streams, hydrology, water chemistry, Fewer tags Control of Nitrogen Export from Watersheds by Headwater Streams Synopsis: This study summarized results of a comparative 15N-tracer study from a wide variety of sites throughout the United States, to derive general principles related to headwater streams and nitrogen dynamics. Standardized protocols were applied in 12 headwater streams representing a wide diversity of biomes throughout the United States. These sites were part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment (LINX). The most rapid uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen occurred in the smallest streams. Ammonium entering these streams was removed within a few tens to hundreds of meters, primarily through assimilation by microorganisms, sorption to sediments, and nitrification. Nitrate was also removed from... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Alaska, Arizona, Kansas, Landscape fragmentation, Michigan, All tags... Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Puerto Rico, dentritic headwater streams, fragmentation, headwater streams, meso-regional, nitrification, nitrogen export, nitrogen uptake, percent native, small streams, varied, water quality, watershed/riparian, Fewer tags Non-nitrogen nutrient inputs and outputs for fertilized pastures in silt loam soils in four small Ohio watersheds Evaluations of non-nitrogen nutrient budgets in pasture systems are limited, and there needs to be greater knowledge of these budgets. Although most nutrient budget studies from grasslands have focused solely or primarily on N, maintenance of a proper nutrient balance is important to healthy plant growth and reduction of potential water quality problems. Budgets of non-nitrogen nutrients were studied in a rotational pasture system during two treatment periods, which received different levels of nitrogen (N) fertility. Rotationally grazed grass pastures in Ohio (USA) received 56 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3 for a 5-year period and then 168 kg N ha−1 for a 10-year period. A topsoil pH of 6.0 and available P and K levels of... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Calcium, Groundwater, Northeast CASC, Nutrient leaching, Ohio, All tags... Other Landscapes, Pasture systems, Phosphorus, Potassium, Surface runoff, Fewer tags Agricultural landscape simplification and insecticide use in the Midwestern United States. Synopsis: Agronomic intensification has transformed many agricultural landscapes into expansive monocultures with little natural habitat. A pervasive concern is that such landscape simplification results in an increase in insect pest pressure, and thus an increased need for insecticides. We tested this hypothesis across a range of cropping systems in the Midwestern United States, using remotely sensed land cover data, data from a national census of farm management practices, and data from a regional crop pest monitoring network. We found that, independent of several other factors, the proportion of harvested cropland treated with insecticides increased with the proportion and patch size of cropland and decreased... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Iowa, Land use configuration, Natural Cover Heterogeneity, Natural cover amount, Ohio, All tags... Wisconsin, agricultural intensification, agriculture, agriculture, biocontrol, crop pests, land cover/land use, pest pressure, pesticide use, pesticides, regional, Fewer tags