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Snow conditions are changing dramatically in the mountains of the interior Pacific Northwest, including eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana. These changes can both benefit and hinder a variety of wildlife species. The timing and extent of seasonal snowpacks, in addition to snow depth, density, and hardness, can impact the ability of wildlife to access forage, their ability to move across the landscape, and their vulnerability to predators, to name a few. In order to respond effectively to changes in snow conditions, wildlife managers need tools to identify areas and promote conditions that maintain late spring and early summer snowpack for some sensitive species. Managers also require an index...
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The goal of this project was to: (a) archive the relevant AR5 model output data for the southwest region; (b) downscale daily temperature and precipitation to 12 X 12 km cell spatial resolution over the Southwest; (c) assess the precision (degree of agreement) of the simulated models; (d) assess the direction and magnitude of change in projections between AR4 and AR5, as well as assess projections of key extreme climatic events (i.e., extreme drought, extreme seasonal precipitation, extreme high and low temperature events); and (e) assess critical ecosystem impacts (i.e., climate water deficit and fire; hydrological condition of major river systems; impacts on highly valued species).
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This collection includes several datasets related to the fraction of precipitation days that are snowy (vs. rainy) and the amount of precipitation that likely falls as snow across Alaska. Both historical and future projections are included. Files include: Climatological summaries of downscaled historical and projected decadal average monthly snowfall equivalent ("SWE", in millimeters), the ratio of snowfall equivalent to precipitation, and future change in snowfall for October to March at 771 meter spatial resolution across the state of Alaska. Historical downscaled estimates of decadal average monthly snow-day fraction ("fs", units = percent probability from 1 to 100) for each month of the decades from 1900 through...
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These files include a derived 50 meter spatial resolution Compound Topographic (or Wetness) Index ([CTI or TWI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_Wetness_Index)) and Flow Accumulation (as represented by specific catchment area, SCA) calculated from a continuous, transboundary DEM developed across the Alaska perhumid coastal temperate rainforest (AKPCTR). The extent of this dataset includes all of the Alaska and Canada watersheds that discharge into southeast Alaska coastal waters, which covers essentially the northern half of the full PCTR. The transboundary DEM used to calculate the CTI can be here: [link](http://ckan.snap.uaf.edu/dataset/a-continuous-transboundary-50-meter-dem-for-the-alaska-perhumid-coastal-temperate-rainforest-ak06b59)...
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Within large-river ecosystems, floodplains serve a variety of important ecological functions. A recent survey of 80 managers of floodplain conservation lands along the Upper and Middle Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers in the central United States found that the most critical information needed to improve floodplain management centered on metrics for characterizing depth, extent, frequency, duration, and timing of inundation. These metrics can be delivered to managers efficiently through cloud-based interactive maps. To calculate these metrics, we interpolated an existing one-dimensional HEC-RAS hydraulic model for the Lower Missouri River, which simulated water surface elevations at cross sections spaced (<1...
Abstract from NE CASC: Vernal pools are small, seasonal wetlands that provide critically important seasonal habitat for many amphibian species of conservation concern. Natural resource managers and scientists in the Northeast, as well as the Northeast Refugia Research Coalition, coordinated by the Northeast CASC, recently identified vernal pools as a priority ecosystem to study, and recent revisions to State Wildlife Action Plans highlighted climate change and disease as primary threats to key vernal pool ecosystems. Mapping out the hydrology of vernal pools across the Northeast is an important step in informing land management and conservation decision-making. Project researchers will collect hydrology data over...
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One of the most visible signs of climate change is less mountain snow. In the Western U.S., deep snow has historically been a cornerstone of life for many plants and animals. For example, snow can provide denning shelter for certain species like the wolverine, and snowmelt provides dependable water to mountain streams that are home to fish like the bull trout. Yet snow losses driven by warming temperatures are already causing land and water managers to rethink whether certain species can thrive in the future. A recently completed study by this research team helped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service investigate whether wolverines will have enough snow to survive in two areas of the Rocky Mountains. In June 2020,...
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In the Northern Rockies, the annual area burned by wildfires has risen sharply in recent decades and is expected to continue growing. As a result, burned forests increasingly comprise a significant portion of the land base. However, burned areas represent a difficult paradox for land managers, especially in the context of other climate-linked disturbances (e.g., droughts, bark beetle outbreaks) that are also on the rise and may compound initial fire-induced stressors. While, burned areas have experienced major recent changes that may decrease their resilience to subsequent, compounding stressors, fire-induced changes can also lead to longer-term increases in resilience. The evolving landscape conditions triggered...
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AKPCTR_DEM is a 50-meter resolution, bare-earth digital elevation model (DEM) in raster (geotiff) format. The perhumid (wettest) region of the North American coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) extends along the coast of British Columbia and southeast Alaska between approximately 50.57 and 59.6 degrees north latitude.The extent of this dataset includes all of the Alaska and Canada watersheds that discharge into southeast Alaska coastal waters, which covers essentially the northern half of the PCTR. **General Methods:** Using Desktop ArcGIS version 10.3.1, the following three elevation datasets were combined to create a continuous DEM for the Alaska perhumid coastal temperate rainforest (AKPCTR) watersheds: 1)...
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Several times during the severe drought of 2010-2015, communities within the jurisdictional territories of the Chickasaw Nation and the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma were precariously close to running out of water. According to previous studies, temperatures are expected to continue to rise throughout the southern states, and droughts are predicted to be longer and more severe. Even small changes to a river’s water flow regime may have unanticipated consequences on the water resources, especially for communities that rely on direct river diversions to supply their needs. A suitable water availability model is a key tool needed to help communities investigate where vulnerabilities in water resources may occur and the...
Webinar Summary: One-half of North American imperiled species live in subterranean habitats, which largely are associated with karst (a type of landscape underlain by limestone that has been eroded over time, producing caves, sinkholes, towers and other formations). Further, karst aquifers provide a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of climate change on groundwater at timescales of human interest because these aquifers exhibit large variability in hydrologic responses, such as springflow (i.e. groundwater discharge) and water-table level (i.e. level below which the ground is completely saturated with water), at short timescales. By linking a global climate, regional climate, and hydrologic model, researchers...
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Increasing water usage and demands, combined with potentially less source water as a result of climate change impacts, are causing water resource managers to evaluate and implement alternative solutions for reducing water shortages, maximizing water availability, and reducing costs. The capture and reuse of wastewater is a promising strategy for increasing available water, but the costs and benefits of wastewater reuse are poorly quantified. In many locations, wastewater forms a significant component of stream flows for downstream beneficial uses. While wastewater reuse can boost local water availability, it also may reduce downstream flows and have negative impacts on downstream ecosystems. Therefore, assessing...
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A persistent management question is whether current climate adaptation planning will remain robust when facing a growing number of invasive species. The concern is that current management strategies that focus exclusively on single invasive species and overlook climate-driven biological interactions, may lead to poor decisions. By delivering actionable science, this project directly informs specific planning, management and decision needs of tribal and governmental partners working in the Columbia River Basin. First, we assess the information needs for, and barriers to, effective aquatic invasive species management in the face of climate change in the Columbia River Basin. This helps synthesize knowledge and build...
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Snow and meteorological observations were collected over a range of water years (WY) by three research institutions and by citizen scientists to characterize forest effects on snow processes across the Pacific Northwest, USA. Fourteen total study sites cover the western slopes and crest of the Cascade Range in WA and OR, and central and northern ID. Each study location includes one or more paired forest and open area in which to compare snow observations. A range of forest canopy densities and data collection strategies are represented, including paired manual snow courses, snow pits, automated sensors, and time-lapse images of snow measurement poles. Analysis and synthesis of all of these sites are presented in...
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Snow is extremely important to a wide range of natural processes in Alaska. Snow cover helps regulate the earth’s temperature and stores water on the landscape. As it melts, snow hydrates the soil and replenishes the freshwater supplies of streams and lakes, providing water for vegetation, wildlife, and human activities such as agriculture and electricity generation. Understanding present and future snow conditions under climate change is critical for managing Alaska’s natural resources, yet many scientists, land managers, and policymakers lack this information at useful scales. Hence, the goal of this project was to produce an advanced snow modeling system for part of the Arctic that predicts a variety of factors...
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On its southbound course from Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico, the Rio Grande provides water resources for more than 13 million people. The quantity of water flowing into the northern section of the river depends on how much snowpack from the Rocky Mountains melts into runoff and on seasonal precipitation rates. Models describing the relationship between winter snowpack quantity and springtime snowmelt runoff quantities for the basin are combined with models describing long-term natural variation in precipitation to create water supply outlooks. The outlooks developed by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service are currently used by stakeholders to make critical water allocation decisions in the basin. Improvements...
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The Colorado and Rio Grande Rivers provide drinking water to millions of people in the Southwest and South Central U.S. Snowmelt accounts for 70% of streamflow in these rivers, meaning that water use downstream is directly impacted by snow accumulation and snowmelt patterns in the mountains. Mountain forests are a critical part of the hydrologic cycle that feeds these rivers, providing water supply and storage. However wildfire, which is becoming more common as temperatures rise, can disrupt the role of mountain forests in the hydrologic cycle. Uncertainty about the interactions between wildfire and snow-water, and how these interactions may change as climate conditions shift, impedes effective water resource planning...
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The southeast United States has many lakes, streams and reservoirs that serve as important drinking water sources, recreational, agricultural, and ecological uses. Unfortunately, harmful algal blooms are becoming more common in these waters, causing health issues for humans and animals. While it is clear that nutrients stimulate algae growth, it isn’t clear if there are other parameters that stimulate the development of harmful algal blooms. The scientific literature describes additional parameters that may affect algae growth, such as storm occurrence, temperature, dissolved metals, erosion of soils, length of growing season, and hydroperiod.This project will address these different parameters and examine how climate...
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OSU_SnowCourse Summary: Manual snow course observations were collected over WY 2012-2014 from four paired forest-open sites chosen to span a broad elevation range. Study sites were located in the upper McKenzie (McK) River watershed, approximately 100 km east of Corvallis, Oregon, on the western slope of the Cascade Range and in the Middle Fork Willamette (MFW) watershed, located to the south of the McKenzie. The sites were designated based on elevation, with a range of 1110-1480 m. Distributed snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) observations were collected via monthly manual snow courses from 1 November through 1 April and bi-weekly thereafter. Snow courses spanned 500 m of forested terrain and 500 m...
map background search result map search result map Assessment of Available Climate Models and Projections for the Southwest Region Modeling and Predicting Future Changes in Snowfall and Snow Cover in Alaska Observations of snow depth and meteorological variables in forests and nearby open areas at field sites in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, USA Manual snow course observations, raw met data, raw snow depth observations, locations, and associated metadata for Oregon sites Compound Topographic Index and Specific Catchment Area for the Alaska Perhumid Coastal Temperate Rainforest A Continuous, Transboundary, 50-meter DEM for the Alaska Perhumid Coastal Temperate Rainforest (AKPCTR_DEM) Improving Predictions of Water Supply in the Rio Grande under Changing Climate Conditions The Effects of Wildfire on Snow Water Resources under Multiple Climate Conditions Baseline Inundation Metrics for the Upper and Middle Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers Collection: Historical and Projected Estimates of Snow Fraction and and the Amount of Precipitation that Likely Falls as Snow Across Alaska Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Extent of Snowpack Properties in Complex Terrain: Leveraging Novel Data to Adapt Wildlife and Habitat Management Practices to Climate Change Tracking Forest and Hydrological Resilience to Compound Stressors in Burned Forests Under a Changing Climate Building Tools to Assess Future Climate Impacts on Water Resources of the Canadian River Basin Evaluating the Impacts of Potential Wastewater Reuse on Streams in the Red River Basin of Oklahoma Estimating Future High-Mountain Snowpack to Inform Terrestrial and Aquatic Species Status Assessments, Recovery Plans, and Monitoring Clarifying Science Needs for Determining the Impact of Climate Change on Harmful Algal Blooms in Southeastern United States Anticipating Climate-Driven Spread and Impact of Multiple Interacting Invasive Species in the Columbia River Basin The Effects of Wildfire on Snow Water Resources under Multiple Climate Conditions Manual snow course observations, raw met data, raw snow depth observations, locations, and associated metadata for Oregon sites Improving Predictions of Water Supply in the Rio Grande under Changing Climate Conditions Baseline Inundation Metrics for the Upper and Middle Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers Observations of snow depth and meteorological variables in forests and nearby open areas at field sites in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, USA Evaluating the Impacts of Potential Wastewater Reuse on Streams in the Red River Basin of Oklahoma Anticipating Climate-Driven Spread and Impact of Multiple Interacting Invasive Species in the Columbia River Basin Tracking Forest and Hydrological Resilience to Compound Stressors in Burned Forests Under a Changing Climate Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Extent of Snowpack Properties in Complex Terrain: Leveraging Novel Data to Adapt Wildlife and Habitat Management Practices to Climate Change Compound Topographic Index and Specific Catchment Area for the Alaska Perhumid Coastal Temperate Rainforest Modeling and Predicting Future Changes in Snowfall and Snow Cover in Alaska A Continuous, Transboundary, 50-meter DEM for the Alaska Perhumid Coastal Temperate Rainforest (AKPCTR_DEM) Assessment of Available Climate Models and Projections for the Southwest Region Estimating Future High-Mountain Snowpack to Inform Terrestrial and Aquatic Species Status Assessments, Recovery Plans, and Monitoring Building Tools to Assess Future Climate Impacts on Water Resources of the Canadian River Basin Clarifying Science Needs for Determining the Impact of Climate Change on Harmful Algal Blooms in Southeastern United States Collection: Historical and Projected Estimates of Snow Fraction and and the Amount of Precipitation that Likely Falls as Snow Across Alaska