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Previous studies indicate streams in the watershed of Anchorage, AK, contain elevated concentrations of several Potentially Toxic Metals (PTMs) in the water, suspended and streambed sediment and benthic macro invertebrates. This study investigated the sources, distribution, and uptake of PTMs by aquatic organisms in the watershed and their relationship to land-use patterns. Sampling sites were chosen that represent the watercourses of each of the four major streams in Anchorage. Water, streambed sediment, various species of benthic macroinvertebrates and slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ) were collected throughout the summer of 2005. A lake sediment core was also collected from Campbell Lake to assess PTM deposition...
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The National Park Service (NPS) approved the use of Calcium Chloride as a dust suppressant on the Park road after four years of research. A formal monitoring program to track the spatial and temporal movement of CaCl2 concentrations along the Park road began in 2005. Fifteen terrestrial sites and fourteen water body locations were selected to monitor the movement of chloride from the roadbed into roadside soils and surface waters. Initial results showed wide variability in chloride concentrations in soil adjacent to the roadbed, while waterbodies generally had low concentrations (ABR 2006). This report presents 2007 results for the dust palliative chloride monitoring program.During the summer of 2007, 35 applications...
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The characteristics of sediment discharge in the Yukon River, Alaska were investigated by monitoring water discharge, water turbidity and water temperature. The river-transported sediment, 90 wt.% or more, consists of silt and clay (grain size less than or equal to 62.5 mum), which probably originated in the glacier-covered mountains mostly in the Alaska Range. For early June to late August 1999, we continuously measured water turbidity and temperature near the estuary and in the middle of Yukon River by using self-recording turbidimeters and temperature data loggers. The water turbidity (ppm) was converted to suspended sediment concentration (SSC; mg/l) of river water, using a relation between simultaneous turbidity...
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White phosphorus (WP) has been implicated in the deaths of thousands of waterfowl annually at Eagle River Flats (ERF), an estuarine salt marsh located on Fort Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska. The source of WP contamination at ERF was the firing of WP containing munitions into the area by the U.S. military. WP is a well-known toxicant and is lethal to a wide range of species. However, WP contamination at ERF is the first documented case of a U.S. Army munitions impact area contaminated with WP particles. This has led to the designation of ERF as a Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Army must follow the guidelines of remediation set by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,...
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Control of surface and subsurface water is a critical factor in the efficiency of remediation efforts at Eagle River Flats, an active impact range on Fort Richardson, Alaska, contaminated with particulate white phosphorus from artillery and mortar rounds. The Flats is an estuarine salt marsh bordered by bluffs with water groundwater influx from the edges as well as periodic tidal and river inundation and rain events. The uneven topography and presence of numerous craters results in pooled surface water and high perched water levels, inhibiting remediation of the contaminant. Pumps are used to drain contaminated areas to enhance remediation, but ditching is required to enhance the operation of the pumps and to drain...
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Mining landscapes are avowedly complex and dynamic cultural resources, representing an important part of the nation's cultural heritage. They reflect changes in technology, social organization, and the influence of outside events. Mining landscapes are also representative of the experiences of change over time. This representative experience is not well-represented in the typical approach to considering preservation of mining districts during the review of federal projects. This thesis takes a different approach, developing a classification system with a greater focus on the changes that occur, and tests this against a small-scale lode mining district in Southcentral Alaska. While the ability to factor in change...
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1.?Mixed-wood boreal forests are often considered to undergo directional succession from shade-intolerant to shade-tolerant species. It is thus expected that overstorey gaps should lead to the recruitment of shade-tolerant conifers into the canopy in all stand development stages and that the recruitment of shade-intolerant hardwoods would be minimal except in the largest gaps. 2.?We analysed short-term gap dynamics over a large 6-km2 spatial area of mixed-wood boreal forest across a gradient of stands in different developmental stages with different times of origin since fire (expressed as stand ?age?) that were affected differentially by the last spruce budworm (SBW) outbreak. Structural measurements of the canopy...
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Historically, traffi c on the Denali Park Road has been limited in order to protect wildlife and improve visitor experience. The Denali Park Road is one example of a park roadway facing increasing visitation and pressure to change or defend the current limits on traffi c. To respond to such pressures, park and protected area managers need a greater understanding of the impacts of traffi c volume and traffi c patterns on the physical, biological, and social environment. This study developed a traffi c simulation model of the Denali Park Road that predicts visitor experience and impacts on Dall’s sheep for hypothesized road usage scenarios. The model incorporated crowding indicators at prescribed scenic areas and...
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Although reliable figures are often missing, considerable detrimental changes due to shrinking glaciers are universally expected for water availability in river systems under the influence of ongoing global climate change. We estimate the contribution potential of seasonally delayed glacier melt water to total water availability in large river systems. We find that the seasonally delayed glacier contribution is largest where rivers enter seasonally arid regions and negligible in the lowlands of river basins governed by monsoon climates. By comparing monthly glacier melt contributions with population densities in different altitude bands within each river basin, we demonstrate that strong human dependence on glacier...
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Given that segments of the local community have variously expressed reservations both about options that leave the dust in place and those that bring the dust to surface, the Technical Advisor recommends that at least two alternatives be taken through to public consultation. One of the alternatives carried forward should be the best in situ (“leave underground”) alternative, and one should be the best ex situ (“take it out”) alternative. The Technical Advisor believes that the best in situ alternative is Alternative B3, isolating the arsenic trioxide dust in its current location by creating a frozen block, monitoring in perpetuity, and maintaining isolation by periodic re-freezing. The ground freezing alternatives...
map background search result map search result map Use of military demolition explosives in a remediation project Eagle River Flats Remediation Project. Comprehensive Bibliography - 1950 to 1998 Interactions of multiple disturbances in shaping boreal forest dynamics: a spatially explicit analysis using multi-temporal lidar data and high-resolution imagery Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: implications for climate feedbacks The mining landscape from a diachronic perspective: Examining the Kenai Star mining district, Southcentral Alaska Characteristics of sediment discharge in the subarctic Yukon River, Alaska How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, NWT, Canada? Conservation Beyond Crisis Management: A Reverse-Matrix Model A Discussion Paper for the Canadian BEACONs Project Eagle River Flats Remediation Project. Comprehensive Bibliography - 1998 to 2003 Remediating and monitoring white phosphorus contamination at Eagle River Flats (operable unit C), Fort Richardson, Alaska Remediating and monitoring white phosphorus contamination at Eagle River Flats (Operable Unit C), Fort Richardson, Alaska The effects of fertilization and herbivory on the herbaceous vegetation of the boreal forest in north-western Canada: a 10-year study Eagle River Flats pond pumping remediation project: fourth-year operations under the record of decision Modeling traffic patterns in Denali National Park and Preserve to evaluate effects on visitor experience and wildlife Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone Contribution potential of glaciers to water availability in different climate regimes Giant Mine Arsenic Trioxide Management Alternative Final Report Biogeochemical pathways and land use associations of potentially toxic metals in the Anchorage watershed, Alaska Monitoring chloride migration from dust palliative applications on the Park road, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska: 2007 summary report Geometry of oriented lakes in Old Crow Flats, northern Yukon How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, NWT, Canada? The mining landscape from a diachronic perspective: Examining the Kenai Star mining district, Southcentral Alaska Giant Mine Arsenic Trioxide Management Alternative Final Report The effects of fertilization and herbivory on the herbaceous vegetation of the boreal forest in north-western Canada: a 10-year study Biogeochemical pathways and land use associations of potentially toxic metals in the Anchorage watershed, Alaska Eagle River Flats Remediation Project. Comprehensive Bibliography - 1950 to 1998 Use of military demolition explosives in a remediation project Eagle River Flats Remediation Project. Comprehensive Bibliography - 1998 to 2003 Remediating and monitoring white phosphorus contamination at Eagle River Flats (operable unit C), Fort Richardson, Alaska Remediating and monitoring white phosphorus contamination at Eagle River Flats (Operable Unit C), Fort Richardson, Alaska Eagle River Flats pond pumping remediation project: fourth-year operations under the record of decision Geometry of oriented lakes in Old Crow Flats, northern Yukon Modeling traffic patterns in Denali National Park and Preserve to evaluate effects on visitor experience and wildlife Monitoring chloride migration from dust palliative applications on the Park road, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska: 2007 summary report Characteristics of sediment discharge in the subarctic Yukon River, Alaska Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: implications for climate feedbacks Contribution potential of glaciers to water availability in different climate regimes Interactions of multiple disturbances in shaping boreal forest dynamics: a spatially explicit analysis using multi-temporal lidar data and high-resolution imagery Conservation Beyond Crisis Management: A Reverse-Matrix Model A Discussion Paper for the Canadian BEACONs Project Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone