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This paper reviews simplified process models for denitrification. More than fifty models were considered. The majority of these (simple) models are based on potential denitrification—either measured as a soil's property or computed from organic C dynamics—or consider denitrification as a first-order decay process. As it is generally accepted that environmental soil conditions affect the denitrification process, reduction functions are used. Although denitrification is truly driven by the non-availability of oxygen, most authors argue that oxygen dynamics in soil is hard to simulate (or to measure). Therefore, water content is used as a complementary for oxygen diffusion. The higher the water content, the less...
Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to North American wilderness areas is hampered by incomplete knowledge of the predator-prey system processes and properties. In such cases, global sensitivity measures, such as Sobol? indices, allow one to quantify the effect of these uncertainties on model predictions. Sobol? indices are calculated by decomposing the variance in model predictions (due to parameter uncertainty) into main effects of model...