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The energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions from the Canadian vegetable greenhouse industry were assessed using greenhouse statistics from 2002 to 2007. The fossil CO2 emissions were compared to the fossil CO2 emitted during transport of an equal weight of food by truck and by airplane from two horticultural production centers in the southern USA to four locations in Canada. The calculations in this paper for Canadian greenhouse energy use for heating were verified against farm energy use survey data collected from greenhouse operators in 1996. Allowing for extrapolations to 1996 from the 2002 to 2007 period, the survey data were underestimated by 12%. Since the survey data were not corrected for possible household...
Abstract (from MDPI ) Sleeper species are innocuous native or naturalized species that exhibit invasive characteristics and become pests in response to environmental change. Climate warming is expected to increase arthropod damage in forests, in part, by transforming innocuous herbivores into severe pests: awakening sleeper species. Urban areas are warmer than natural areas due to the urban heat island effect and so the trees and pests in cities already experience temperatures predicted to occur in 50–100 years. We posit that arthropod species that become pests of urban trees are those that benefit from warming and thus should be monitored as potential sleeper species in forests. We illustrate this with two case...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Forests,
Landscapes,
Plants,
Southeast CASC,
Wildlife and Plants,
The impact of human activities on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial environments is nowhere more apparent than in urban landscapes. Trace metals, collected on roadways and transported by storm water, may contaminate soils and sediments associated with storm water management systems. These systems will accumulate metals and associated sediments may reach toxic levels for terrestrial and aquatic organisms using the retention basins as habitat. The fate and bioavailability of these metals once deposited is poorly understood. Here we present results from a dose-response experiment that examines the application of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence methods (μ-SXRF) to test the hypothesis that earthworms will bio-accumulate...
Synopsis: This study examines the influence of landscape fragmentation on trophic cascades in southern California. Results indicate that, as habitat fragmentation negatively affects the persistence of coyote populations, the abundance of smaller meso-predators increase, resulting in higher mortality rates in scrub-breeding birds. Fragment size was a strong indicator of coyote abundance, and coyote abundance was a strong indicator of bird diversity, as coyotes kept down the number of meso-predators that prey on birds. The positive effect of fragment area and the negative effect of fragment age were the strongest determinants of bird diversity in this system. Conclusions: Fragment size correlates with coyote abundance,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: California,
California coastal sage,
Chaparral,
Landscape fragmentation,
Mojave,
Urban wind power and the private sector: Community benefits, social acceptance and public engagement
Published arbitral awards relating to the international oil and gas exploration and production industry address a wide range of substantive legal issues that reflect the industry’s nature and specificities. For example, the awards contain rulings on the responsibility of a State for the conduct of its national oil company, the project management obligations of joint venturers in an exploration and production project, and the impact for an international oil company of changes to the host State’s fiscal regime. This article summarizes and classifies the key substantive rulings in all awards published since 1998 that relate to the international exploration and production industry, serving as an update of Doak Bishop’s...
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