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Increasing the proportion of power derived from renewable energy sources is becoming an increasingly important part of many countries's strategies to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. However, renewable energy investments can often have external costs and benefits, which need to be taken into account if socially optimal investments are to be made. This paper attempts to estimate the magnitude of these external costs and benefits for the case of renewable technologies in Scotland, a country which has set particularly ambitious targets for expanding renewable energy. The external effects we consider are those on landscape quality, wildlife and air quality. We also consider the welfare implications of...
Average projected future (across 5 regional climate models using the A2 emissions scenario) density (birds per hectare) model of Streaked Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) using a Boosted Regression Tree model (Hastie & Tibshirani 2000) informed by breeding season avian point count data, modeled vegetation types, and climate data from 1) Weather Research Forecasting Grell Model (WRFG) with boundary conditions driven by the Third Generation Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3); 2) Weather Research Forecasting Grell Model (WRFG) with boundary conditions driven by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM); 3) Regional Climate Model v3 (RCM3) with boundary conditions driven by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics...
This dataset represents the average amount of soil carbon within each HUC5 watershed, simulated by the model MC1 for the 30-year period 1971-2000. Soil carbon, in g m-2, was determined for each HUC5 watershed. Watersheds represent 5th level (HUC5, 10-digit) hydrologic unit boundaries and were acquired from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Background: The dynamic global vegetation model MC1 (see Bachelet et al.2001) was used to simulate vegetation dynamics, associated carbon and nitrogen cycle, water budget, and wild fire impacts for OR, WA, AZ and NM, for a project funded by the USDA Forest Service (PNW09-JV-11261900-003). The MC1 model was run using historical data and future climate change projections...
The dataset contains 3 maps that show the current and predicted range of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) in the Pacific Northwest region. The layers include: 1) the species range modeled under current climate conditions for 1950-75 2) a continuous model of the predicted range for 1950-2006 and 3) potential range expansion and contraction from 2000-2009.
This dataset represents actual and predicted suitable habitat for Pinus palustris (longleaf pine, species code 121) in the Eastern United States as measured by importance value based on data obtained from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) project, current climate conditions, and future climate projections. This summary unit of this dataset is a 20 by 20 kilometer cell. The actual importance value (IV) was calculated based on the number of stems and basal area of a given tree species relative to other tree species on a plot using about 100,000 FIA plots (representing nearly 3 million tree records) in the 37 states within the United States east of the 100th meridian. These importance values were summarized to...
This dataset represents actual and predicted suitable habitat for Juglans nigra (black walnut, species code 602) in the Eastern United States as measured by importance value based on data obtained from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) project, current climate conditions, and future climate projections. This summary unit of this dataset is a 20 by 20 kilometer cell. The actual importance value (IV) was calculated based on the number of stems and basal area of a given tree species relative to other tree species on a plot using about 100,000 FIA plots (representing nearly 3 million tree records) in the 37 states within the United States east of the 100th meridian. These importance values were summarized to 20...
This dataset represents actual and predicted suitable habitat for Nyssa ogeche (Ogechee tupelo, species code 692) in the Eastern United States as measured by importance value based on data obtained from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) project, current climate conditions, and future climate projections. This summary unit of this dataset is a 20 by 20 kilometer cell. The actual importance value (IV) was calculated based on the number of stems and basal area of a given tree species relative to other tree species on a plot using about 100,000 FIA plots (representing nearly 3 million tree records) in the 37 states within the United States east of the 100th meridian. These importance values were summarized to...
This dataset represents actual and predicted suitable habitat for Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo, species code 691) in the Eastern United States as measured by importance value based on data obtained from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) project, current climate conditions, and future climate projections. This summary unit of this dataset is a 20 by 20 kilometer cell. The actual importance value (IV) was calculated based on the number of stems and basal area of a given tree species relative to other tree species on a plot using about 100,000 FIA plots (representing nearly 3 million tree records) in the 37 states within the United States east of the 100th meridian. These importance values were summarized to...
This dataset represents the average net primary production for each HUC5 watershed, simulated by the model MC1 for the 30-year period 1971-2000. Mean net primary production (in g m-2 per yr), was determined for each HUC5 watershed by averaging values of original ~ 4 km raster data. Watersheds represent 5th level (HUC5, 10-digit) hydrologic unit boundaries and were acquired from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Background: The dynamic global vegetation model MC1 (see Bachelet et al.2001) was used to simulate vegetation dynamics, associated carbon and nitrogen cycle, water budget, and wild fire impacts for OR, WA, AZ and NM, for a project funded by the USDA Forest Service (PNW09-JV-11261900-003). The MC1...
Winter (January – March) precipitation (mm) averaged over 2046-2065 from the general circulation model Hadley CM3 (Gordon et al. 2000, Pope et al. 2000) downscaled to a grid cell size of 10 km x 10km. References: Gordon C., C. Cooper , C.A. Senior, H. Banks, J.M. Gregory, T.C. Johns , J.F.B. Mitchell, and R.A. Wood. 2000. The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim Dyn 16:147–168. Pope, V.D., M.L. Gallani, P.R. Rowntree, and R.A. Stratton. 2000. The impact of new physical parameterisations in the Hadley Centre climate model – HadAM3. Clim Dyn 16:123–146.
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
Using the simple anomaly method (modifying a historical baseline with differences or ratios projected by General Circulation Models), scientists from the California Academy of Sciences downscaled monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation from 16 different global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs were described in the latest Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC 2007) and archived at the WCRP PCMDI (http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/about_ipcc.php). Monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperatures were downscaled from the only 6 GCMs that archived these particular variables. Scientists used Worldclim v.1.4 (Hijmans et al 2005) at 5 arc-minute (~10km) spatial grain as the current...
This dataset includes: The locations of EPA listed sites that are vulnerable to a 100-year coastal flood with a 1.4 meter sea-level rise. Extents of dune and bluff erosion given a 1.4 meter (approx. 55") sea-level rise for the entire California coast. Extent of a 100-year coastal flood, based on FEMA 100-year flood elevations, with a sea-level rise of 1.4 meters (55 inches) (year 2100). Extent of inundation due to Mean Higher High Water (MHHW), after a 1.4 meter sea-level rise (scenario for year 2100), for the California coast (excluding the San Francisco Bay). The current inundation due to MHHW was based on NOAA tide stations elevation data (mhhw_2000 raster), to which 140 centimeters were added to the Z-value...
This dataset was created using the MC1 Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. It represents the mode of projected vegetation types for the time period 2041 to 2050 under the down-scaled CGCM3 Global Circulation Model under the A2 emissions scenario. The fire suppression condition was set for the model run. The spatial resolution is 30 arc seconds, and the extent is the four corners region of the southwestern USA (Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico).
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