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This inventory was originally created by Xu and others (2014) describing the landslides triggered by the M 6.2 Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Region, China earthquake, also known as the Ludian earthquake, that occurred on 3 August 2014 at 08:30:13 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated...
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Global alfalfa-reference potential evapotranspiration (ETr) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) modeling for worldwide applications. This dataset was constructed for use with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model as a key driver of the final ETa magnitude. SSEBop is a parametric energy balance-based model that determines actual ET as the product of two independent estimates: 1) the SSEBop modeled ET fraction (ETf), an index nominally varying between 0 and 1 and derived from observed Landsat surface temperature using satellite psychrometry, and 2) the potential ET (maximum) under environmental conditions for an alfalfa crop (in millimeters). As SSEBop ETf can now...
Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is transferred from the soil or land surface to the atmosphere. It is the sum of direct evaporation from the ground and transpiration from plants. The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) is a remote-sensing based model that provides actual evapotranspiration estimates. SSEBop uses the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model and ET fractions from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and predefined parameters for operational applications. This SSEBop layer is a time-enabled image service. It is a live feed layer that is updated automatically once a month.
The Atlas of ShakeMaps (~14,100 earthquakes, 1900-2020) provides a consistent and quantitative description of the distribution of shaking intensity for calibrating earthquake loss estimation methodologies, like those used in the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system. Version 4 of the Atlas includes a vastly expanded compilation of ShakeMaps for consequential and widely felt earthquakes using updated ShakeMap (Version 4) software. For each event, we have attempted to gather available macroseismic, recorded ground motions and finite fault inputs. AtlasCat is the companion catalog to Atlas V4. For each event in the Atlas, AtlasCat contains population exposure to each intensity level,...
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A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, and the resulting polygons were mapped into four size classes of islands: Continental Mainlands, Big Islands (greater than 1 km2), Small Islands (less than or equal to 1 km2 and greater than or equal to 0.0036 km2), and Very Small Islands (less than 0.0036 km2).
The effects of 120 days of high-intensity (80-kV/m) 60-Hz electric field exposure on hematologic constituents were investigated using a three-generation design including 135 field-exposed and 135 sham-exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats. Statistical tests performed included the multivariate analysis of variance, the univariate analysis of variance, and tests of simple effects. Total white cell count, lymphocyte count, and eosinophil count were significantly lower in field-exposed subjects; however, none of the red cell parameters differed significantly. The observed hematologic variations related to the exposure of a high-intensity electric field are consistent with those observed in animals responding to a mild stressor.
A complete understanding of the resource consumption, embodied energy, and environmental emissions of civil projects in China is difficult due to the lack of comprehensive national statistics. To quantitatively assess the energy and environmental impacts of civil construction at a macro-level, this study developed a 24 sector environmental input-output life-cycle assessment model (I-O LCA) based on 2002 Chinese national economic and environmental data. The model generates an economy-wide inventory of energy use and environmental emissions. Estimates based on the level of economic activity related to planned future civil works in 2015 are made. Results indicate that the embodied energy of construction projects accounts...
Use of ethanol as a transportation fuel in the United States has grown from 76 dam3 in 1980 to over 40.1 hm3 in 2009 — and virtually all of it has been produced from corn. It has been debated whether using corn ethanol results in any energy and greenhouse gas benefits. This issue has been especially critical in the past several years, when indirect effects, such as indirect land use changes, associated with U.S. corn ethanol production are considered in evaluation. In the past three years, modeling of direct and indirect land use changes related to the production of corn ethanol has advanced significantly. Meanwhile, technology improvements in key stages of the ethanol life cycle (such as corn farming and ethanol...
This report surveys the definitions of reserve services used in several countries and regions of Europe and the United States that have implemented competitive electricity markets. It also compares the technical specifications of these services. The systems considered are Great Britain, PJM, California, Spain, The Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium as well as UCTE as a whole.
Recently, an active debate has emerged around greenhouse gas emissions due to indirect land use change (iLUC) of expanding agricultural areas dedicated to biofuel production. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the iLUC effect, and further address the issues of deforestation, irrigation water use, and crop price increases due to expanding biofuel acreage. We use GLOBIOM – an economic partial equilibrium model of the global forest, agriculture, and biomass sectors with a bottom-up representation of agricultural and forestry management practices. The results indicate that second generation biofuel production fed by wood from sustainably managed existing forests would lead to a negative iLUC factor, meaning...
High-temporal resolution meteorological output from the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) is used to assess changes in wildland fire danger across the western United States due to climatic changes projected in the 21st century. A business-as-usual scenario incorporating changing greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations until the year 2089 is compared to a 1975 - 1996 base period. Changes in relative humidity, especially drying over much of the West, are projected to increase the number of days of high fire danger ( based on the energy release component (ERC) index) at least through the year 2089 in comparison to the base period. The regions most affected are the northern Rockies, Great Basin and the Southwest - regions...
ShakeMap is a product of the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program in conjunction with regional seismic network operators. ShakeMap sites provide near-real-time maps of ground motion and shaking intensity following significant earthquakes. These maps are used by federal, state, and local organizations, both public and private, for post-earthquake response and recovery, public and scientific information, as well as for preparedness exercises and disaster planning.
Multicultural representation is a stated goal of many global scientific assessment processes. These processes aim to mobilize a broader, more diverse pool of information for international knowledge-building and synthesis processes while increasing social legitimacy and inclusiveness. Often, enhancing cultural diversity is encouraged through engagement of diverse expert teams and sources of knowledge in different languages. In this dataset, we examined the incorporation of multicultural diversity in the eight published assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The culturally diversity of experts and knowledge holders participating in the process is...
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This inventory was originally created by Harp and Keefer (1990) describing the landslides triggered by the M 6.7 Coalinga, California earthquake that occurred on 2 May 1983 at 23:42:38 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological...
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This inventory was originally created by Montgomery and others (2019) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.1 Mexico City earthquake that occurred on 19 September 2017 at 18:14:38 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological...
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This inventory was originally created by Ruiz and others (2019) describing the landslides triggered by the M 6.1 Cinchona, Costa Rica earthquake that occurred on 8 January 2009 at 19:21:35 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological...
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This inventory was originally created by Marc and others (2016) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.6 Valle de la Estrella, Costa Rica earthquake, also known as the Limon earthquake, that occurred on 22 April 1991 at 21:56:51 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated...
Conclusions: Book provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and theories in landscape ecology. Early chapters introduce basic concepts and terminology that build a foundation for understanding more complex issues such as landscape disturbance dynamics, formulas and metrics for quantifying landscape patterns, and predictive models of landscape change. Thresholds/Learnings:
Our responses to the emerging challenges of energy planning have to be faster and more effective than they have been so far. While the Gulf war has forced us to realise the danger, it is to be hoped that the solutions that are sought will take the form not of short-term palliatives but of a new direction in our planning effort. Sixth of a series of articles discussing the broad approach of the Planning Commission under the V P Singh government.
A complete understanding of the resource consumption, embodied energy, and environmental emissions of civil projects in China is difficult due to the lack of comprehensive national statistics. To quantitatively assess the energy and environmental impacts of civil construction at a macro-level, this study developed a 24 sector environmental input-output life-cycle assessment model (I-O LCA) based on 2002 Chinese national economic and environmental data. The model generates an economy-wide inventory of energy use and environmental emissions. Estimates based on the level of economic activity related to planned future civil works in 2015 are made. Results indicate that the embodied energy of construction projects accounts...
map background search result map search result map Harp and Keefer (1990) Marc and others (2016) Xu and others (2015) Montgomery and others (2019) Ruiz and others (2019) High Resolution Daily Global Alfalfa-Reference Potential Evapotranspiration Climatology Xu and others (2015) Ruiz and others (2019) Harp and Keefer (1990) Marc and others (2016) Montgomery and others (2019) High Resolution Daily Global Alfalfa-Reference Potential Evapotranspiration Climatology