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In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, detectable concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were found in the soil at every site despite targeting locations with no known PFAS sources (Santangelo and others, 2022). The widespread distribution of PFAS concentrations in New Hampshire has since sparked critical interest into understanding whether recharge to groundwater contains significant concentrations of PFAS after infiltration through soils. To address this concern, the USGS implemented a pilot study designed to evaluate whether PFAS infiltrate through shallow soil into shallow groundwater. Five sites were selected...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Eastern United States,
Environmental Health,
Hydrology,
New Hampshire,
Northeast,
Significant changes in nitrogen loads to Jamaica Bay have likely occurred with progressive improvements to Water Pollution Control Plants (WCWPs) that discharge into the Bay. Data available from the New York City Department of Environmental Protection and others will be used to determine loads from WPCPs, combined sewer overflows, and the atmosphere. Selected wells within the USGS water quality database, including those near the landfills that are immediately adjacent to Jamaica Bay, will be used to determine concentrations of nutrients in shallow ground water that enter the bay from ground water seepage. To facilitate evaluation of ground water loads, an existing USGS Finite element model that simulates sub...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Coastal Science,
Coastal Science,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
GW or SW,
Background The North Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) covers a land area of approximately 34,000 mi 2 along the eastern seaboard of the United States from Long Island, N.Y., southward to the northern portion of North Carolina. This area is underlain by a thick wedge of sedimentary deposits that form a complex groundwater system in which the sands and gravels function as confined aquifers, and the silts and clays function as confining units. These confined aquifers of the NACP constitute a major source of water for public and domestic supply for the nearly 27 million people living in the region, as well as being important source of water for industrial and agricultural purposes. Increases in population and changes...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cooperative Water Program,
Delaware,
Focused Assessments,
Focused Assessments,
Focused Assessments,
Problem The discharge of freshwater and associated loading of nutrients and other dissolved constituents from the Long Island aquifer system to surrounding estuaries and their tributaries are increasingly recognized as critical factors in the health of these ecosystems. However, further work is needed to scientifically characterize these factors and present them to the public in an appropriate manner. Many organizations have undertaken assessments of this discharge and loading for discrete groundwater source areas and (or) receiving surface waters, applying a variety of techniques and assumptions. In part, this is because there is no delineation of recharge areas to the island’s groundwater-fed streams and estuaries...
BACKGROUND Long Island Sound has 600 miles of coastline and there are over 23 million people living within 50 miles of its shores. In response to water-quality issues and nitrogen pollution in the Sound, Congress created the Long Island Sound Study (LISS) in 1985. LISS is a partnership of federal, state, and local government agencies, private organizations and educational institutions working together to restore and protect the Sound. The USGS New England and New York Water Science Centers are partners in the LISS. These organizations also have historical and ongoing work with other partners in the LISS study region. Although historically the focus of LISS has been on water quality issues, a “Sustainable and Resilient...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Coastal Science,
Flood Hazards,
Flood Science,
Geospatial Applications,
Long Island,
This data release provides model inputs and outputs for a model that predicts redox conditions in groundwater in the contiguous United States. Input variables describe the hydrology, soils, geology, and hydrologic position of groundwater sample locations. The data release accompanies a journal article that describes model development and applications (Tesoriero_and_others_2023).
Categories: Data;
Tags: Hydrology,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
environment,
groundwater,
This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides surface water quality and groundwater elevation data collected by USGS personnel within the Central Pine Barrens (CPB) Region of Suffolk County, New York, from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022. The data were collected in cooperation with the Central Pine Barrens Commission and the Town of Brookhaven as part of a comprehensive water resources monitoring program during 2017 to 2023. Water quality and quality assurance data from seven sites on two rivers (Carmans River- five sites and Peconic River- two sites) in the CPB are included. Carmans River sites were sampled four times throughout the year (fall, winter, spring, and summer) and Peconic River...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Ambient Monitoring,
Contaminants, Emerging,
Contaminants, Natural,
Contaminants, Organic,
GW or SW,
A Groundwater Nitrate Decision Support Tool (GW-NDST) for wells in Wisconsin was developed to assist resource managers with assessing how legacy and possible future nitrate leaching rates, combined with groundwater lag times and potential denitrification, influence nitrate concentrations in wells (Juckem et al. 2024). The GW-NDST relies on several support models, including machine-learning models that require numerous GIS input files. This data release contains all GIS files required to run the GW-NDST and its machine-learning support models. The GIS files are packaged into three ZIP files (WI_County.zip, WT-ML.zip, and WI_Buff1km.zip) which are contained in this data release. Before running the GW-NDST, these ZIP...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Wisconsin,
aquifer system,
groundwater,
hydrogeology,
A histrogram-based boosted regression tree (HBRT) method was used to predict the depth to the surficial aquifer water table (in feet) throughout the State of Wisconsin. This method used a combination of discrete groundwater levels from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, continuous groundwater levels from the National Groundwater Monitoring Network, the State of Wisconsin well-construction database, and NHDPlus version 2.1-derived points. The predicted water table depth utilized the HBRT model available through Scikit-learn in Python version 3.10.10. The HBRT model can predict the surficial water table depth for any latitude and longitude for Wisconsin. A total of 48 predictor variables...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Wisconsin,
aquifer system,
groundwater,
hydrogeology,
Problem - The Ithaca Subdistrict Office of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is providing technical assistance to the USGS, Biological Resources Division (BRD), at the Tunison Laboratory of Aquatic Science (TLAS) in an investigation of the availability of fresh ground water. An expansion in the water supply at the laboratory is needed for a proposed spawning facility for salmon strains that are viable for natural fisheries in the Great Lakes region. The hydrogeology of the area is a complex of moraine and outwash deposits west of Cortland, N.Y. Data from existing wells at the laboratory indicate that well screens may readily clog from precipitated minerals. A review of the hydrogeology of the area, including...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Borehole Geophysics,
Completed,
Cortland County,
Fisheries,
GW or SW,
Problem - The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) is constructing or proposing water tunnels under New York City and areas of southeastern New York (Hudson River Basin). These tunnels can intersect faults and fractures that produce large amounts of ground water. For example, one tunnel excavation intersected fractures that produced over 200 gallons per minute of ground-water flow into the tunnel. Consequently, there is a need to determine the potential of intersecting ground-water producing fractures during tunnel excavation. The use of advanced borehole geophysical techniques by the USGS during tunnel excavations in northern Queens County demonstrated that geophysical techniques can...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Borehole Geophysics,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
The combination of a complex hydrogeologic framework, narrow land masses surrounded by saltwater, and extensive ground-water public-supply pumpage has produced localized areas of elevated chloride concentrations in ground water. This project uses advanced surface and borehole geophysical methods to determine the extent of saltwater intrusion and road-salt plumes at selected sites in eastern Suffolk County, Long Island, NY. Two-dimensional resistivity sections have been integrated with borehole geophysical logs and water-quality data to produce cross-sections of road-salt plumes. Borehole geophysical logs are collected twice a year to determine variations in chloride concentration and thicknesses of intrusive...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Borehole Geophysics,
Borehole Geophysics,
Borehole Geophysics,
Cooperative Water Program,
GW or SW,
Introduction As a result of storage and disposal practices at a former Manufactured Gas Plant, or MGP, in Bay Shore, NY, a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected at high concentrations in the surficial, upper glacial aquifer of Long Island. Levels of PAHs initially detected over 10 years ago were in the parts-per-thousand range within a groundwater contaminant plume. The plume extended over a half-mile from MGP-related sources to discharge at a local estuarine tributary, Lawrence Creek, resulting, resulting in malodorous hydrocarbon sheens in this tributary and nearby storm drains. These signs of contamination revealed a larger underlying problem and prompted calls by state and local...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Bay Shore,
Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
Ecosystem Health,
Ecosystem Health,
Introduction Detailed mapping of the valley-fill aquifer within the Owasco Inlet valley and adjacent tributary valleys in Cayuga County (Towns of Moravia and Locke) and Tompkins County (Town of Groton) is the latest study in the cooperative Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program between the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). The aim of the program is to map sand and gravel aquifers in New York State at a scale of 1:24,000. This information is used by NYSDEC Division of Water and others to delineate groundwater contributing areas, assess potential threats to aquifers from both point and non-point sources, respond to contamination from spills or leaks...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Aquifer Mapping,
Aquifer Mapping,
Aquifer Mapping,
Cayuga county,
Cooperative Water Program,
A multivariate regression model was developed to predict zero-order oxygen reduction rates (mg/L/yr) in aquifers across the State of Wisconsin. The model used a combination of dissolved oxygen concentrations and mean groundwater ages estimated with sampled age tracers from wells in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System and previously published project reports from state agencies and universities. The multivariate regression model was solved using the Microsoft Excel solver, with 461 wells used for training and 46 wells held-out for validation. A total of 31 predictor variables were used for model development (56 were tested), including basic well characteristics, soil properties, aquifer properties,...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Wisconsin,
environment,
geoscientificInformation,
groundwater,
INTRODUCTION • Concerns over the viability of the fractured bedrock aquifer that provides about 1/3 of Rockland County’s water supply prompted a 5-year study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to (1) define the hydrogeologic framework of the aquifer, (2) assess conditions within it, and (3) identify other potential sources of water for the County. The study was done in cooperation with Rockland County and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. • Population growth in Rockland County to nearly 300,000 people has been paralleled by significant hydrologic changes over the past 50 years –water demand and impervious surface area have increased, and sanitary sewers now serve most areas and discharge...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Completed,
Cooperative Water Program,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
GW or SW,
Problem - The valley-fill deposits in Upper Buttermilk Creek/Danby Creek valleys are sources of water for many homeowners, farms, and small businesses that are in this valley. The aquifer was mapped by Miller (2000) and identified as one of the 17 aquifers in Tompkins County that needs to be studied in more detail. However, there is little geohydrologic data in the valley. A cluster of wells in Upper Buttermilk valley are finished in sand and gravel, indicating that there is a sand and gravel aquifer in, at least, part of the valley. The Upper Buttermilk Creek/Danby Creek valleys are "through valleys"-- a part of a valley where the bedrock floor rose to land surface and formed a preglacial surface-water divide....
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Aquifer Mapping,
Aquifer Mapping,
Aquifer Mapping,
Borehole Geophysics,
Completed,
This model archive provides all data, code, and modeling results used in Barclay and others (2023) to assess the ability of process-guided deep learning stream temperature models to accurately incorporate groundwater-discharge processes. We assessed the performance of an existing process-guided deep learning stream temperature model of the Delaware River Basin (USA) and explored four approaches for improving groundwater process representation: 1) a custom loss function that leverages the unique patterns of air and water temperature coupling resulting from different temperature drivers, 2) inclusion of additional groundwater-relevant catchment attributes, 3) incorporation of additional process model outputs, and...
Summary Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS) occupies 42 km of the barrier island for which it is named that lies off the southern shore of western and central Suffolk County, Long Island, N.Y. Fire Island is underlain by a complex aquifer system consisting of unconsolidated glacial, lacustrine, deltaic, and marine deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel that range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene. Accelerated sea level rise, storms, rising temperatures, and changes in patterns of precipitation are all expected to drive significant ecological change. Among the most vulnerable resources are the Island’s fresh groundwater resources. The potential for climate-driven changes in the quantity and quality of...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Climate Change,
Climate Change,
ClimateChange,
Cooperative Water Program,
Ecosystem Health,
Green and others (2021) developed a gradient boosted regression tree model to predict the mean groundwater age, or travel time, for shallow wells across a portion of the Great Lakes basin in the United States. Their study applied machine learning methods to predict ages in wells using well construction, well chemistry, and landscape characteristics. For a dataset of age tracers in 961 water samples, the mean travel time from the land surface to the sample location (center of saturated open interval) was estimated for each sample using parametric functions. The mean travel times were then modeled using a gradient boosting machine algorithm with cross validation tuning of model hyperparameters. The model contained...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Wisconsin,
aquifer system,
groundwater,
hydrogeology,
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