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Maintaining the native prairie lands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), which provide an important habitat for declining grassland species, requires anticipating the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and climate change on the region’s vegetation. Specifically, climate change threatens NGP grasslands by increasing the potential encroachment of native woody species into areas where they were previously only present in minor numbers. This project used a dynamic vegetation model to simulate vegetation type (grassland, shrubland, woodland, and forest) for the NGP for a range of projected future climates and relevant management scenarios. Comparing results of these simulations illustrates...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2012,
Biology,
CASC,
Climate change,
Completed,
The WBPHS is conducted by flying an aircraft along a set of segment lines. (One or more contiguous segments comprise a transect.) The geographic coordinates in WBPHS_Segment_Endpoints.csv represent the beginning and ending points of the segment lines in Alaska and Old Crow Flats (Yukon Territory) strata 1-12. The point coordinates in this file have been incorporated into various products (e.g., a GPS waypoints file) to aid in survey-flight navigation. The coordinates are in decimal degrees, WGS84 datum.The set of segments contained in this file was established in 1964. In the years 1957-1963, the survey design included many, but not all, of these segments. Additional segments were flown in some or all years during...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
In many areas surveyed during the North American WBPHS, ground surveys are conducted in conjunction with the aerial surveys to derive annual visibility correction factors (VCFs) for the aerial survey crews, which are used during analyses to adjust for detection bias. Due to the remoteness of strata 1–12, ground surveys are not conducted there. Instead, a set of fixed VCFs by species and basic habitat type (strata 1–7 = boreal forest; strata 8–11 = tundra; stratum 12) are used. The fixed VCFs that were used through 1991 were derived from work done in WBPHS prairie strata. During the years 1985–1991, efforts were made by the FWS Division of Migratory Bird Management-Alaska Region (MBM-Alaska) to develop more appropriate...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
WBPHS_Stratum_Areas.csv is a table that lists the area measurements (in square miles) for strata 1-12, as measured and adopted by survey designers in 1974. These measurements are used by MBM-AK in analyses to produce bird abundance estimates by species and stratum.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
Starting in 1999, WBPHS_AK surveyors used the custom survey software RECORD (John I. Hodges, FWS-MBM-Alaska, retired) to record bird data and capture the survey flight track. Each observer had their own computer and obtained their own separate flight track each day. The track was recorded by capturing a GPS location every 5 seconds as long as the survey software was running. The software was started at some time between the aircraft’s engine start and the first transect, and was shut down at some time between the last transect and engine shut-down. The track thus includes the aircraft’s flight to and from transects as well as along the transects themselves.This collection comprises the track files from 1999 to present:...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
This GeoPackage, WBPHS_Segments.gpkg, contains the WBPHS survey design segments that are flown in Alaska and Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory. (One or more contiguous segments comprise a transect.)The set of segments contained in this file was established in 1964. In the years 1957-1963, the survey design included many, but not all, of these segments. Additional segments were flown in some or all years during 1957-1963 that were discontinued in 1964. The metadata author was unable to interpret existing survey documentation sufficiently to determine the locations of the discontinued segments.Segment 01-06-03 has not been surveyed since 2010, due to excessive urbanization and resulting safety and disturbance concerns.Note:...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
WBPHS_Survey_Crews.csv is a table that provides survey aircraft and crew information by year. It lists the type(s) of aircraft flown, the names of crew members, the aircraft seat(s) they occupied, and the code(s) used in the bird dataset “Observer” field to represent them.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
This GeoPackage, WBPHS_Strata.gpkg, contains the approximate WBPHS survey design stratum boundaries for Alaska and Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory (i.e., strata 1 through 12). Strata 1-12 were adopted in 1974 and are applied retroactively to all years of data during analyses. The strata and measurements in this GeoPackage are not accurate, because MBM-AK has been unable to locate clear, unequivocal documentation of the exact boundary delineations that were measured and adopted in 1974. Multiple versions of historical paper maps and blueprints exist on which survey designers drew stratum boundaries; however, the maps do not include documentation on what the drawn boundaries represent, i.e., whether they were draft...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION,
BIRDS,
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