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The North of Interstate 40 Pronghorn herd primarily resides in Arizona’s Game Management Unit (GMU) 7. GMU 7 had an estimated population of 550 pronghorn in 2019. The Pronghorn North of Interstate 40 summer in high elevation open meadows and ponderosa pine habitat near Government Prairie. When winter conditions set in the pronghorn Antilocapra americana) seek lower elevations, migrating through mixed pinyon-juniper woodlands to open grassland and shrub habitats north of Sitgreaves Mountain, often crossing US Highway 180 (US-180) towards Antelope Flat. US-180 is an increasing threat to this migration corridor as traffic volumes rise. However, right-of-way fence improvements and relatively low traffic volumes on US-180...
A significant portion of the interstate Carson River herd summers in the Sierra Nevada range of California and migrates to a winter range near the California-Nevada border. Herd size has declined significantly (>70%) from historical peak levels, likely due to habitat loss and vehicle collisions. A large increase in housing development and traffic along the Highway 395 corridor during the past 20 years has contributed to population declines for this herd. Significant barriers include fencing along Carson River and outlying suburban areas in Carson City, Minden, and Gardnerville, Nevada. These data provide the location of winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Carson River population in California...
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) of the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona had a population estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. The herd is relatively isolated; limited in range to the east, south, and west sides by the Grand Canyon. Annually the Kaibab herd migrates an average of 27 mi (43 km) between summer and winter range. Winter range is along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau; consisting of pinyon-juniper woodlands mixed with sagebrush, cliffrose, bitterbrush, and various grasses. Some of the Kaibab herd winters in Utah, sharing winter range with Utah’s Paunsaugunt Plateau herd. During migration mule deer pass through mid-elevation transitional range containing Gambel oak, pinyon pine, and Utah...
The Doyle mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd migrates from a winter range in Honey Lake Valley and Upper Long Valley near Doyle, California along US Highway 395 in Lassen County, California and eastward into Plumas County and Plumas National Forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains for the summer. Winter range also exists on the Nevada side of the border in Washoe County. Much of the winter range habitat is now deteriorated, lacking vegetation that historically provided forage. Highway 395 is a major barrier to migration, with hundreds of deer being killed annually trying to cross it. Population estimates were ~15,600 in 2019. These data provide the location of migration stopovers for mule deer in the Doyle population...
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Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlife’s ongoing research started in 2017. The Kaibab Plateau is bound on the east, south, and west by vertical canyon walls which run along the Colorado River and Kanab Creek. The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. Portions...
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Grassland birds have declined more rapidly than any other group of land birds in North America in the last 50 years, with populations of Spragues Pipit, Chestnut-collared and Thick-billed Longspur, and Bairds Sparrow having declined 65-94% during this period. This proposed cross-programmatic collaborative project between Migratory Birds and Refuges will expand on a growing network of Motus automated radio telemetry receivers (stations) to provide the first fine-scale quantitative assessment of the migratory period for regional priority grassland songbirds, which will inform key knowledge gaps about migration routes and stopover locations. Data collected via Motus automated telemetry tracking will allow the FWS and...
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The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e., green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals, and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate, and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that...
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The data in the CSV file named RSF is a detailed dataset used to run the models testing relationships between movement behavior and atmospheric conditions. This dataset includes: detection date and rounded hour, status (0 or 1) showing if over-water movement occurring within nine hours was detected, number of hours since sunset, site ID of area weather station, Motus tag ID, wind speed , Temperature, precipitation, visibility, wind direction, the longitudinal component of wind speed and direction, the latitudinal component of wind speed and direction, pressure, wind speed of previous hour, temperature of previous hour, precipitation of previous hour, visibility of previous hour, wind direction of previous hour,...
The Interstate 17 (I-17) elk herd primarily resides in Arizona’s GMU 6A and 11M south of Flagstaff. The population estimate for elk in GMU 6A was 6,500 in 2019. Their summer range consists of gentle topography with ponderosa pine forest and interspersed riparian-meadow habitat. Annually, the I-17 elk herd migrates an average of 24 miles to lower-elevation winter range dominated by pinyon-juniper habitat. This winter habitat is located along Oak Creek Canyon to the west and Wet Beaver Creek to the south. The I-17 elk herd faces high road mortality, averaging around 80 mortalities from vehicles per year (Gagnon et al 2013). Despite the high incidence of elk-vehicle collisions along I-17, road crossings are generally...
In 2008, 13 mule deer were GPS collared near the South Rim of the Grand Canyon to understand the impact of Arizona’s State Route 64 on mule deer movement. Unexpectedly, 4 individuals migrated over 50 miles to summer range near the San Francisco Peaks, north of Flagstaff, containing alpine, subalpine, and ponderosa pine habitats. The GPS collars dropped in 2009, but questions surrounding this long-distance migration remained. In June of 2019, the Arizona Game and Fish Department GPS collared 20 mule deer from the San Francisco Peaks herd on their summer range in Game Management Unit 7E/7W, where an estimated 5,300 mule deer reside. The primary challenges to mule deer in this migration corridor are related to navigating...
Interest in the movement of pronghorn south of Arizona’s Interstate 40 (I-40) began when telemetry data from 1999 – 2004 showed seasonal round-trip movements upwards of 100 miles. In 2018, high-resolution GPS location data confirmed persistence of this remarkable pronghorn migration. This herd resides primarily in Game Management Unit 8, which had a population estimate of 400 individuals in 2019. Unlike traditional summer-winter range dynamics, this pronghorn population uses a complex of several important seasonal ranges during their annual movements, which are connected by narrow corridors. The herd has high fidelity to these corridors, which elevates the importance of research and management efforts to conserve...
The Egg Lake Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) sub-herd range extends northeast from the town of McCloud around Ash Creek to the Big Valley Mountains and as far east as Highway 139 near the community of Hackamore. During the winter, this sub-herd primarily resides to the east of Big Valley Mountains near Egg Lake in Modoc County, California. They migrate east to private timberlands and spend the spring and summer just outside of McCloud, California. Topography of this area is relatively flat, but gradually transitions to steeper slopes around creeks, and typical habitat includes Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Sierran mixed conifer, and montane hardwood conifer forests. Another sub-herd is known to...
The Paunsaugunt Plateau in southern Utah is home to around 5,200 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Ongoing research by the Utah DWR has continued to shape our understanding of their annual migration. In contrast to the Volume 1 report (Kauffman et al. 2020), the Paunsaugunt Herd in this Volume includes the addition of 25 individual mule deer, 127 migrations, and 161 winter range sequences. Beginning in early October the mule deer migrate south an average of 36 mi (58 km) to winter range along the Utah-Arizona border. Approximately 20–30 percent of the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd reside in northern Arizona during the winter, sharing winter range also used by deer from Arizona’s Kaibab Plateau herd. Beginning around mid-April,...
The Jawbone Ridge mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd is a sub-herd of the Tuolumne herd, which migrate to the Jawbone Ridge flats in the winter in Tuolumne, Mariposa, and Alpine Counties. Additionally, a small sample of deer were captured from the Yosemite herd to determine herd overlap. GPS collars were normally set to take a location every 7 hours, and emit a signal Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm. Some GPS collars were set to take a location fix every hour during periods of time when deer were thought to be migrating (May and November). The most important portion of the winter range is the Jawbone ridge flats, situated at an elevation of 4,000 feet. Deer migrate from here east into the high Sierra Nevada...
The San Francisco Peaks mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd makes one of Arizona’s most extraordinary annual migrations between Flagstaff, AZ and the Grand Canyon. The migration begins on summer range in GMU 7, where an estimated 5,300 mule deer reside. Their summer habitat contains alpine, subalpine, and ponderosa pine forests mixed with open grasslands and meadows. Beginning in October, a portion of the herd migrates north to GMU 9 to winter range along the South Rim containing pinyon-juniper, ponderosa pines, sagebrush, and cliffrose habitat. Through funding from Secretarial Order 3362, the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) began a GPS collar study beginning in June of 2019. A total of 46 mule deer have...
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Natural river channels continually evolve and change shape over time. As a result, channel evolution or migration can cause problems for bridge structures that are fixed in the flood plain. A once-stable bridge structure that was uninfluenced by a river’s shape could be encroached upon by a migrating river channel. The potential effect of the actively meandering Wabash River on the Interstate 64 (I–64) Bridge at the border with Indiana near Grayville, Illinois, was studied using a river migration model called RVR Meander (RVR Meander, 2011). RVR Meander is a toolbox that can be used to model river channel meander migration with physically based bank erosion methods. This study assesses the Wabash River meandering...
The Paunsaugunt Plateau in southern Utah is home to around 5,200 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Ongoing research by the Utah DWR has continued to shape our understanding of their annual migration. In contrast to the Volume 1 report (Kauffman et al. 2020), the Paunsaugunt Herd in this Volume includes the addition of 25 individual mule deer, 127 migrations, and 161 winter range sequences. Beginning in early October the mule deer migrate south an average of 36 mi (58 km) to winter range along the Utah-Arizona border. Approximately 20–30 percent of the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd reside in northern Arizona during the winter, sharing winter range also used by deer from Arizona’s Kaibab Plateau herd. Beginning around mid-April,...
The Doyle mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd migrates from a winter range in Honey Lake Valley and Upper Long Valley near Doyle, California along US Highway 395 in Lassen County, California and eastward into Plumas County and Plumas National Forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains for the summer. Winter range also exists on the Nevada side of the border in Washoe County. Much of the winter range habitat is now deteriorated, lacking vegetation that historically provided forage. Highway 395 is a major barrier to migration, with hundreds of deer being killed annually trying to cross it. Population estimates were ~15,600 in 2019. These data provide the location of migration corridors for mule deer in the Doyle population...
The Loyalton mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd winters west and northwest of Reno, Nevada along the California-Nevada border, extending into the Peterson Mountains, east of Highway 395 in Nevada. A portion of the herd also winters north of I-80 on Peavine Mountain in Nevada. This population represents an interstate migratory herd but also contains year-round residents in both states. Deer migrate southwest into the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California on both sides of Highway 89 from Truckee to Sierraville, mostly staying north of I-80 and into the Tahoe National Forest. Significant challenges include urban development, vehicle collisions on Highways 89, 395, and I80, and large-scale wildfires that have burned...
The San Francisco Peaks elk (Cervus canadensis) herd comprises a migratory portion of the larger herd units in Arizona’s Game Management Units (GMU) 7 and 9. GMU 7 and 9 had a combined population estimate of 5,200 in 2019. These data were generated from two elk research projects by the Arizona Game & Fish Department: one to assess elk-vehicle collisions on Interstate 40 (Gagnon et al. 2012) and the other to evaluate aerial survey methods for elk abundance (Bristow et al. 2019). While many of the elk reside in the same general areas year-round, the migratory portion of this herd migrates an average of 42 miles between summer and winter range. Summer range, primarily in GMU 7, consists of high elevation open meadows...


map background search result map search result map Geospatial output data from the RVR Meander model of the Wabash River near the Interstate 64 Bridge near Grayville, Illinois Daily Surfing Migration Routes of Elk in the Interstate 17 Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Pronghorn in the South of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Elk in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Elk in the Egg Lake Herd in California Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Kaibab Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Carson River Herd in California and Nevada Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Doyle Herd in California Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Doyle Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Jawbone Ridge Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Loyalton Herd in California and Nevada Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Paunsaugunt Herd in Utah Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Paunsaugunt Herd in Utah Winter Ranges of Pronghorn in the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Motus network development on National Wildlife Refuges for tracking declining grassland songbirds Mid-Atlantic Coast, Lasiurus borealis Movement and Migration Geospatial output data from the RVR Meander model of the Wabash River near the Interstate 64 Bridge near Grayville, Illinois Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Loyalton Herd in California and Nevada Winter Ranges of Pronghorn in the North of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Jawbone Ridge Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Pronghorn in the South of Interstate 40 Herd in Arizona Winter Ranges of Elk in the Egg Lake Herd in California Migration Routes of Elk in the Interstate 17 Herd in Arizona Migration Corridors of Elk in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Doyle Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Paunsaugunt Herd in Utah Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Doyle Herd in California Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Carson River Herd in California and Nevada Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Kaibab Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the San Francisco Peaks Herd in Arizona Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Paunsaugunt Herd in Utah Daily Surfing Mid-Atlantic Coast, Lasiurus borealis Movement and Migration Motus network development on National Wildlife Refuges for tracking declining grassland songbirds