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Energy autarky is presented as a conceptual framework for implementing sustainable regional development based on the transformation of the energy subsystem. It is conceptualized as a situation in which the energy services used for sustaining local consumption, local production and the export of goods and services are derived from locally renewable energy resources. Technically, the implementation of higher degrees of energy autarky rests on increasing energy efficiency, realizing the potential of renewable energy resources and relying on a decentralized energy system. Practically, a transition towards regional energy autarky requires administrations and civil society actors to initialize and develop projects at...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Energy,
Energy consumption,
New Zealand,
Results,
consumption,
The primary supposition about renewable forms of energy is that use of such resources will not result in depletion or exhaustion. While it is true that natural energy flows such as sun and wind are not directly subject to degradation by use, there may still be indirect limitations on renewability. The exploitation of natural energy flows may require that systems of nonrenewable "support" resources be used to capture, store, and convert natural energy into useful forms. Poor resource management practices that degrade the support resources may therefore, in effect, endanger renewability. Biomass is an illustrative case of a renewable energy resource with nonrenewable support components. The soil and water management...
The primary supposition about renewable forms of energy is that use of such resources will not result in depletion or exhaustion. While it is true that natural energy flows such as sun and wind are not directly subject to degradation by use, there may still be indirect limitations on renewability. The exploitation of natural energy flows may require that systems of nonrenewable "support" resources be used to capture, store, and convert natural energy into useful forms. Poor resource management practices that degrade the support resources may therefore, in effect, endanger renewability. Biomass is an illustrative case of a renewable energy resource with nonrenewable support components. The soil and water management...
Joseph A. Dammel, Jeffrey M. Bielicki, Melisa F. Pollak, and Elizabeth J. Wilson at the University of Minnesota Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy have published a feature article titled “A Tale of Two Technologies: Hydraulic Fracturing and Geologic Carbon Sequestration” that appears in the online version of the science journal, Environmental Science & Technology [subscription required]. In comparing, contrasting, and analyzing the regulatory landscape governing the use of hydraulic fracturing and geologic carbon sequestration, they conclude that “A shift toward a 21st Century vision of regulation is required. Hydraulic fracturing and geologic sequestration are both technologies that could reduce...
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) has come to dominate millions of hectares of rangeland in the Intermountain western United States. Previous studies have hypothesized that one mechanism conferring a competitive advantage to this species is the ability to germinate rapidly at low temperatures in the fall, winter and spring and, therefore, initiate growth and establishment more rapidly than more desirable perennial bunchgrass species. In this experiment, we developed thermal-germination-response models for multiple seedlots of cheatgrass and five perennial grass species. We conducted sensitivity analysis on potential-cumulative-germination response to a 38-year simulation of field-variable conditions of seedbed temperature...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Environmental and Experimental Botany,
bromus tectorum,
elymus elymoides,
elymus multisetus,
germination,
This data release contains inputs for and outputs from hydrologic simulations of the upper Chattahoochee River Basin in northeast Georgia using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). These simulations were developed to provide example applications of enhancements to the PRMS for the following topics: two new time-series input options (dynamic parameter module and water-use module), two new output options (Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) summary output module and basin variables summary output module), and three updates of existing capabilities (stream and lake flow routing module, surface-depression storage and flow simulation, and the initial-conditions specification). These PRMS model input and output...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Chattahoochee River,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
model,
streamflow,
streamflow modeling
The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACFB) was modeled to produce fourteen simulations of streamflow for demonstration of enhancements to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS); seven simulations without water use effects and seven simulations with water use effects. The seven simulations without water use were for 1) the whole ACFB basin (1982-2012), 2) the Chestatee River sub-basin (1982-2012), 3) the Chipola River sub-basin (1982-2012), 4) the Ichawaynochaway Creek sub-basin (1982-2012), 5) the Potato Creek sub-basin (1942-2012), 6) the Spring Creek sub-basin (1952-2012), and 7) the upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin (1982-2012). The seven simulations with water use effects were for the...
Types: Citation;
Tags: Apalachicola River,
Chattahoochee River,
Chestatee River,
Chipola River,
Flint River,
The southeastern United States was modeled to produce 59 simulations of historical and potential future streamflow using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) as part of the study documented in LaFontaine and others (2019). One simulation used historical observations of climate, 13 used historical climate simulations using statistically downscaled general circulation model (GCM) output from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and 45 used potential future climate simulations using statistically downscaled CMIP5 GCMs for four representative concentration pathways. Historical simulations with observations are for the period 1952-2010, historical simulations with the GCMs are for the period...
These are model input and comparative data derived from pre-fire aerial LiDAR acquired in May 2012 for a small basin in the Valles Caldera, Northern New Mexico to represent canopy characteristics pre-fire. These characteristics include, (1) canopy closure, (2) edginess to the north, (3) edginess to the south, (4) leaf area index, (5) maximum tree height, (6) mean distance to canopy, (7) mean tree height, and (8) total gap area. These input data are intended to accompany a published report (The effects of wildfire on snow water resources estimated from canopy disturbance patterns and meteorological conditions [Moeser, Broxton and Harpold, 2019]). Each characteristic is provided in an individual ascii file. All data...
Raster Results of Near-Term Landscape Intactness Model (LIM) at 100 meter resolution. One important model developed for the Landscape Assessment to assist in the evaluation of Conservation Element status and trends is the Landscape Intactness Model (LIM). This model builds on a growing body of existing composite scoring methods that aim to characterize the relative ecological condition of landscapes. This model uses indicators of human modification to provide a measurable way to characterize intactness. Indicators and their scores were selected for the Landscape Intactness Model based upon knowledge of their amount and distribution in the study area and understood level of impact to natural systems. The Landscape...
Types: Downloadable;
Tags: BLM,
Bureau of Land Management,
DOI,
Disturbance,
Ecological Landscape Condition,
These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This digital dataset defines the spring 1961 water-table altitude for the California's Central Valley. It was used to initiate the water-level altitudes for the upper zones of the transient hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling...
These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This digital dataset defines the depth of the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid and others, 2006b). This simulation is referred to here as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM simulates groundwater and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture,...
These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This digital dataset defines the model grid and altitudes of the top of the 10 model layers and base of the model simulated in the transient hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid and others, 2006), which...
These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This digital dataset contains the surface-water network for the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM). The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000-square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid and others, 2006). This simulation is referred to here as the CVHM (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM...
R scripts for replicating analysis
Categories: Data;
Tags: Data,
LCC Network Science Catalog,
LCC Science Catalog,
Pacific Islands LCC,
completed,
This community serves to document data and analysis collected by researchers within the Upper Midwest Water Science Center whose mission is to collect high-quality hydrologic data and conduct unbiased, scientifically sound studies of water resources within the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi Basins. We strive to meet the changing needs of those who use our information—from the distribution, availability, and quality of our water resources to topic-oriented research that addresses current hydrological issues.
Change in the majority generalized vegetation type for each HUC5 watershed between historical (1971-2000) and future (2071-2100) time periods. The MC1 dynamic vegetation model was run under the CSIRO, MIROC, and Hadley climate change projections and the A2 anthropogenic emissions scenario. Majority generalized vegetation type was determined for each HUC5 watershed from from original ~ 4 km raster data. Generalized vegetation types were assigned by combining detailed MC1 vegetation classes into four general catagories: desert, grassland, shrubland, and forest. Watersheds represent 5th level (HUC5, 10-digit) hydrologic unit boundaries and were acquired from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Background:...
This dataset represents the average amount of live tree carbon for each HUC5 watershed, simulated by the model MC1 for the 30-year period 1971-2000. Simulated mean live forest carbon (output variable C_Forestyr in MC1 version B60, which includes both above and below-ground tree carbon) was determined for each HUC5 watershed. Units are grams per square meter. Watersheds represent 5th level (HUC5, 10-digit) hydrologic unit boundaries and were acquired from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Background: The dynamic global vegetation model MC1 (see Bachelet et al. 2001) was used to simulate vegetation dynamics, associated carbon and nitrogen cycle, water budget, and wild fire impacts for OR, WA, AZ and...
Percent change in the mean area burned per year (per ~4 km pixel) for each HUC5 watershed between historical (1971-2000) and future (2071-2100) time periods. The MC1 dynamic vegetation model was run under the CSIRO, MIROC, and Hadley climate change projections and the A2 anthropogenic emissions scenario. Mean area burned per year per ~4 km pixel (in square meters), was determined for each HUC5 watershed. Watersheds represent 5th level (HUC5, 10-digit) hydrologic unit boundaries and were acquired from the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Background: The dynamic global vegetation model MC1 (see Bachelet et al. 2001) was used to simulate vegetation dynamics, associated carbon and nitrogen cycle, water...
For his MS thesis, Brendan Rogers used the vegetation model MC1 to simulate vegetation dynamics, associated carbon and nitrogen cycle, water budget and wild fire impacts across the western 2/3 of the states of Oregon and Washington using climate input data from the PRISM group (Chris Daly, OSU) at a 30arc second (800m) spatial grain. The model was run from 1895 to 2100 assuming that nitrogen demand from the plants was always met so that the nitrogen concentrations in various plant parts never dropped below their minimum reported values. A CO2 enhancement effect increased productivity and water use efficiency as the atmospheric CO2 concentration increased. Future climate change scenarios were generated through statistical...
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