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This paper summarizes the main results of a study on the costs of abatement of CO2 emissions in Brazil. It discusses three possible futures for the long run (2010 and 2025) activity of the Brazilian economy and -- with the help of a linear programming model for Brazil's energy sector -- three scenarios for energy production and use. One of these scenarios illustrates the possibility of halving future carbon emissions originating from energy generation and consumption, with relatively small increases in energy associated costs and investments. This abatement scenario would require, on the supply side of the Brazilian energy balance, increased amounts of hydropower, ethanol and bagasse from sugarcane, plus wood and...
Abstract (from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/WCAS-D-16-0121.1): Much of the academic literature and policy discussions about sustainable development and climate change adaptation focus on poor and developing nations, yet many tribal communities inside the United States include marginalized peoples and developing nations who face structural barriers to effectively adapt to climate change. There is a need to critically examine diverse climate change risks for indigenous peoples in the United States and the many structural barriers that limit their ability to adapt to climate change. This paper uses a sustainable climate adaptation framework to outline the context and the relationships of power and authority,...
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This interactive web application viewer shows locations where the BLM collects information about vegetation and soils to help us understand and monitor the health of terrestrial ecosystems such as sagebrush-steppe.
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La deforestación, sobreexplotación del agua superficial y subterránea, así como de los recursos naturales en general, la contaminación, la introducción de especies invasoras y el cambio climático son causales directas de pérdida de biodiversidad que responden a factores indirectos como los demográficos, las políticas públicas inadecuadas y los desarrollos tecnológicos. El presente Plan de Acción responde a la necesidad de contar con un marco de referencia para el manejo adecuado de las especies prioritarias presentes en el estado de Chihuahua, que permita la toma de decisiones, así como el desarrollo y ejecución de políticas públicas adecuadas, para proteger, conservar y aprovechar la biodiversidad estatal de manera...
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This Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) is for Fort Bliss and the United States Department of the Army (U.S. Army) in accordance with the Sikes Act Improvement Act, Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction and Manual 4715.03 Natural Resources Conservation Program, U.S. Army Regulation 200-1, Environmental Protection and Enhancement, U.S. Army Strategy for the Environment: Sustain the Mission-Secure the Future. INRMP direction is by a recent series of Department of Defense and Department of the Army guidance memoranda on the Sikes Act and INRMPs. The purpose of this INRMP is to provide guidance for the implementation and management of natural resources on Fort Bliss during the 5-year period from...
A major objective of the energy transition is to reduce dependence on oil imports through structural change in energy systems leading to lower and sustained oil use. This paper outlines possible directions which can be followed under conditions of healthy economic growth to achieve a smooth transition. It also provides a framework to identify and analyse potential energy problem areas. An important conclusion is that although IEA net oil imports in 2000 could be reduced to about 15 million bbl/day, this will not be easy. To supplement market forces, effective energy policies will be necessary to bring on non-oil supplies in time, promote the replacement of oil by other fuels and restrain oil demand.
One vital means of raising energy efficiency is to introduce district heating in industry. The aim of this paper is to study factors which promote and inhibit district heating collaborations between industries and utilities. The human factors involved showed to affect district heating collaborations more than anything else does. Particularly risk, imperfect and asymmetric information, credibility and trust, inertia and values are adequate variables when explaining the establishment or failure of industry-energy utility collaborations, while heterogeneity, access to capital and hidden costs appear to be of lower importance. A key conclusion from this study is that in an industry-energy utility collaboration, it is...
This paper presents the strategy of the European Union in the field of energy and climate change. At the heart of the package are three commitments to be met by 2020: to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20%, to ensure that 20% of final energy consumption is met with renewable sources, and to raise energy efficiency by 20%. This strategy is based on the scientific consensus drawn by the International Panel for Climate Change, and implements the EU political strategy to limit the anthropogenic temperature rise to no more than 2 °C. A Directive for the geological storage of CO2 is another integral part of the package. This should enable the development and subsequent deployment of zero emission power plants....
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Climate, Energy, Environment, Policy
Interests in obtaining carbon offsets in host countries for CDM projects may serve as an obstacle to implementing more stringent general environmental policies in the same countries. A relatively lax environmental policy, whereby carbon emissions remain high, can be advantageous for such countries as it leaves them with a higher than otherwise scope for future emissions reductions through CDM and other offset projects. In this paper, the potential to affect the availability of future CDM projects is shown to distort environmental and energy policies of CDM host countries, in two ways. First, policies to reduce the use of fossil energy are weakened. This in turn weakens private sector incentives to switch to lower-carbon...
Hydraulic fracturing is a common method used to improve the productivity of gas-condensate wells. Previous simulation studies have predicted much larger increases in well productivity than observed in the field. This study showed the large effects of non-Darcy flow and condensate accumulation on the productivity of a hydraulically fractured gas-condensate well.
Hydraulic fracturing is a common method used to improve the productivity of gas-condensate wells. Previous simulation studies have predicted much larger increases in well productivity than observed in the field. This study showed the large effects of non-Darcy flow and condensate accumulation on the productivity of a hydraulically fractured gas-condensate well.
Over the past 20 years a number of powerful perceptions concerning the prospects for the supply of various sources of energy, at both the global and the regional level, have strongly influenced governmental and inter-governmental energy sector analyses and policies. Unhappily, the perceptions that have so ruled supply-side questions have been based in part on a set of demonstrable fictions and fallacies. These have led to high costs and severe difficulties for the Western world's economy, most notably in respect of the massive increase in the price of oil since 1970. Much of this increase can, indeed, only be defined as a self-inflicted wound on the fabric of Western society arising from policies which reflected...
The state has different institutional capacities for providing finance capital to industrial sectors in different countries. These differences help explain the commercial nuclear energy sector's collapse in the United States and its success in France. The implications for institutional theories of political economy are explored. It is argued that to understand the state's ability to plan industrial development an analysis of its control over the processes of both internal and external capital formation is required.
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Texas is home to tens of thousands of native animal and plant species. These species form the fabric of over 800 habitat types, from bottomland hardwood forests, big tooth maple canyons, to black grama grasslands. Hundreds of these species occur only in Texas and nowhere else in the world. The Wildlife Diversity Program works to conserve this fabric for the benefit of current and future generations. Our team includes experts in botany, ornithology, herpetology and invertebrate biology that provide leadership on the conservation of rare species and areas with high conservation value across the state. Regional diversity biologists provide a local resource for landowners as well as leadership within local research,...
The major part of the Netherlands consists of a low-lying river delta which is very sensitive to hydrological conditions in the North-Western part of the European continent. The rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt carry through this delta to the North Sea annually nearly 100 km3 of fresh water. This water originates from a drainage basin of about 185 000 km2, which is 6 times the country area. The present geography of the Netherlands has largely been shaped by this river inflow and by the sediments which are carried along. Interaction of these fluxes with North Sea hydrodynamics in a period of rising sea level has produced large lowlands, which in the past millennium have been reclaimed for agricultural, urban and industrial...
During the last ten years environmental quality and energy have emerged as important national issues right along with the economy. The central proposition appears to be that environmental concerns are inversely related to concern about energy and the economy. The common assumptions about public perception of the trade-offs between environmental quality, economic growth, and energy production are shown to be invalid. In any event it is unlikely that public policy makers will find themselves strongly pulled by a highly polarized public.
Policy assessment of energy conservation strategies has tended to emphasize technological and economic costs, problems, and benefits. However, too narrow a focus may fail to delineate all the environmental and social impacts associated with the technology in question. In recognition of the importance of a balanced evaluation, a study was undertaken to identify local-level perceptions about environmental and social problems and opportunities associated with several energy conservation measures. These measures included building performance standards and retrofit; waste heat utilization; modifications in land use configurations and transportation modes; and electric utility demand management, and rate reform initiatives....
Reliance on oil as an energy source for private transportation produces increasingly unfavorable social, political and environmental conditions including climate change, dependence on foreign oil, and the need for difficult choices between oil production and protection of biological systems. At the same time, the population is increasingly sedentary due largely to our reliance on the automobile for transportation. Adoption and maintenance of healthy weights and healthier lifestyles by substituting walking or biking for short trips currently taken by car could simultaneously improve health and reduce oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. We calculate the reduction in oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions...
Important policy issues concerning the mitigation of impacts from construction and development affecting wetlands are under examination by the U.S. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, the Environment and Public Works Committee of the U.S. Senate, and the National Wetlands Technical Council. The issues divide into two main parts: (1) how the current strategy to simplify federal regulation of wetlands is limiting the success of mitigation; and (2) how to change the present strategy for mitigation under the U.S. Clean Water Act, if at all. Requirements for site-specific analysis of impacts and their mitigation requirements are being replaced by simple, uniform national guidelines on impact mitigation; these...
In many industrial countries, road transportation accounts for a significant portion of the country’s energy consumption. In developing countries, the use of energy for transportation is on the rise. The recent increase in petroleum prices, expanding world economic prosperity, the probable peaking of conventional petroleum production in the coming decades, and concerns about global climate changes require efforts to increase the efficiency of the use of, and develop alternatives for, petroleum-based fuels used in road transportation. The energy efficiency of a vehicle could be improved in several ways: lightweighting the vehicle structure and powertrain using advanced materials and designs, improving the efficiency...
map background search result map search result map Plan de Acción para la Conservación y Recuperación de Especies de Fauna Silvestre Prioritaria en el Estado de Chihuahua Fort Bliss Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Wildlife Diversity Program BLM AIM Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring Efforts to Date Interactive Map (Web Application Viewer) Fort Bliss Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan Plan de Acción para la Conservación y Recuperación de Especies de Fauna Silvestre Prioritaria en el Estado de Chihuahua Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Wildlife Diversity Program BLM AIM Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring Efforts to Date Interactive Map (Web Application Viewer)