Filters: Tags: snow (X)
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This dataset includes Snow Up Date(sudt) for northern Alaska in GeoTiff format, covering the years 1980-2012. Snow Up Date is defined as day of the start of the core snow period(day of simulation). The core snow season is defined to be the longest period of continuous snow cover in each year. The dataset was generated by the Arctic LCC SNOWDATA: Snow Datasets for Arctic Terrestrial Applications project.The simulation period runs from 1 September – 31 August. “Day-of-simulation” takes the value of “1” on 1 September, “123” on 1 January, and “365” on 31 August. “Day-of-simulation” files should be used for analysis (trend, mean, etc.).The dataset is delivered in the ZIP archive file format. Each year is output in a...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE,
AIR TEMPERATURE,
ALBEDO,
ALBEDO,
Academics & scientific researchers,
Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for assessments of water balance and hydrologic responses to forest restoration treatments in uplands adjacent to the Desert LCC. As part of the Four Forests Restoration Initiative, a new paired watershed study is being planned to assess the hydrologic effects of mechanically thinning and restoring a more frequent fire regime to the ponderosa pine forests of Arizona. Water and energy balances will be measured and modeled in these paired watersheds to help inform and better plan for the hydrologic responses of future forest restoration actions. Researchers at Northern Arizona University have collected six years of eddy covariance measurements of ET in the...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2012,
ATMOSPHERE,
ATMOSPHERE,
ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR,
ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR,
Abstract (from http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/084009/meta): Record low snowpack conditions were observed at Snow Telemetry stations in the Cascades Mountains, USA during the winters of 2014 and 2015. We tested the hypothesis that these winters are analogs for the temperature sensitivity of Cascades snowpacks. In the Oregon Cascades, the 2014 and 2015 winter air temperature anomalies were approximately +2 °C and +4 °C above the climatological mean. We used a spatially distributed snowpack energy balance model to simulate the sensitivity of multiple snowpack metrics to a +2 °C and +4 °C warming and compared our modeled sensitivities to observed values during 2014 and 2015. We found that for...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Northwest CASC,
Rivers, Streams and Lakes,
Water, Coasts and Ice,
drought,
snow,
This tabular data set represents estimated mean annual snow as a percent of total precipitation, 1905-2002 compiled for two spatial components of the NHDPlus version 2 data suite (NHDPlusv2) for the conterminous United States; 1) individual reach catchments and 2) reach catchments accumulated upstream through the river network. This dataset can be linked to the NHDPlus version 2 data suite by the unique identifier COMID. The source data for estimated mean annual snow as a percent of total precipitation was produced by the USGS (Wolock, written communic., 2012) and processed based on the methods described by McCabe and Wolock (USGS, 2009). Units are percent. Reach catchment information characterizes data at the local...
To meet the climate change planning and adaptation needs of Alaska managers and decision makers, I developed a set of statewide summaries of available climate change projections that can be further subset using GIS techniques for requests by management unit, watershed, or other location. This facilitates the development of tailored climate futures for decision makers’ regional or subregional management context. This file describes the source data and summaries for purposes of technical /scientific documentation. The methods and presentation for these datasets were adapted from products in previous USGS-approved IP products for the AKCASC Building Resilience Today project (e.g, Community of Kotlik et al. 2019)....
Radiative forcing induced by soot on snow is an important anthropogenic forcing affecting the global climate. In this study we simulated the deposition of soot aerosol on snow and the resulting impact on snowpack and the hydrological cycle in the western United States. A year-long simulation was performed using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) to determine the soot deposition, followed by three simulations using WRF in meteorology-only mode, with and without the soot-induced snow albedo perturbations. The chemistry simulation shows large spatial variability in soot deposition that reflects the localized emissions and the influence of the complex terrain. The soot-induced...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: American Geophysical Union,
Journal of Geophysical Research,
WRF,
snow,
soot
Snow samples were collected in southeastern Idaho over two winters to assess trace element and common ion concentrations in air pollutant fallout across the region. The objectives were to: (1) develop snow sampling and analysis techniques that produce accurate and ultra-low measurements of a broad suite of fallout elements, (2) identify the spatial and temporal trends of the fallout elements across the region, (3) determine if there are unique combinations of fallout elements that are characteristic to the major source areas in the region (source area profiles), and (4) use pattern recognition and multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and classical least squares regression) to investigate...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Air pollutants,
Snow,
Trace elements and common ions
To determine minimum coverage of perennial snow and ice cover for Glacier National Park, the minimum extent of glaciers and multi-year snow features were digitized from satellite imagery (10-meter NAPP 2003, NAIP 2005, and NAIP 2013, and 30-cm resolution, multispectral, pansharpened Digital Globe WorldView satellite imagery collected in late summer and fall 2015). Features were digitized in ArcGIS version 10.2 using a Wacom Intuos 4 digitizing tablet. Snow and ice features were classified as glacier, large ice mass, or perennial snow/ice. Glaciers were based on current, named glaciers. Remnant ice features not large enough to be classified as glaciers, but showing evidence of crevasses, were classified as large...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Glacier National Park,
Montana,
biota,
cryosphere,
geospatial,
The comma-delimited fields in this dataset provide values for the remotely sensed variables analyzed for landscape blocks described in the paper, "Multi-year data from satellite- and ground-based sensors show details and scale matter in assessing climate’s effects on wetland surface water, amphibians, and landscape conditions," by Sadinski et al. (submitted). The field labeled “BlockSite” links the records in this file with a set of boundaries in a shapefile called “Study_Block_Boundaries.shp” The records represent weekly measurements of normalized difference vegetation index (BlockNDVI) values and total evapotranspiration (BlockETmm), as well as the annual snow-off date (BlockDOYsnowfree) for the study blocks from...
Starting in 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center in West Glacier, MT, in collaboration with the National Park Service, collected avalanche observations along the Going to the Sun Road during the spring road-clearing operations. The spring road-clearing along Going to the Sun Road utilized a team of avalanche specialists from the USGS and Glacier National Park to communicate the potential avalanche hazard to crews working to clear the road of snow in preparation for summer visitation. The operations typically begin around April 1st and continue through mid-June each year. The dataset includes all of the specific details collected for each avalanche occurrence and conforms...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: CCME-avalanche,
Glacier National Park,
Going-to-the-Sun Road,
Montana,
North West Montana,
This data release contains historical SnowModel (Liston and Elder, 2006) output for the Crown of the Continent and surrounding areas in Montana and Idaho, USA; and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada from September 1, 1981 through August 31, 2020. Fifteen daily variables were simulated or derived for this release: (1) snow water equivalent (swed), (2) liquid precipitation (rpre), (3) solid precipitation (spre), (4) albedo (albd), (5) glacial ice melt (glmt), (6) total precipitation (prec), (7) runoff (roff), (8) snow covered area (sca), (9) snow density (sden), (10) snowmelt (smlt), (11) snow depth (snod), (12) snow sublimation (ssub), (13) air temperature (tair), (14) wind speed (wspd), and (15) wind direction...
This dataset represents a 5 year average, November to March 2007/2008 - 2011/2012, snow depth in millimeters. This data set contains output from the NOAA National Weather Service's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS). SNODAS is a modeling and data assimilation system developed by NOHRSC to provide the best possible estimates of snow cover and associated parameters to support hydrologic modeling and analysis. The aim of SNODAS is to provide a physically consistent framework to integrate snow data from satellite, airborne platforms, and ground stations with model estimates of snow cover (Carroll et al. 2001). SNODAS includes procedures to ingest and...
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
ArcGIS Service Definition,
Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service;
Tags: Climate,
Precipitation,
Snow depth,
Terrestrial,
depth,
This data release consists of three child items distinguishing the following types of data: light detection and ranging (lidar) point clouds (LPCs), digital elevation models (DEMs), and snow depth raster maps. These three data types are all derived from lidar data collected on small, uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) at study areas in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, from 2020 to 2022. These data were collected and generated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing Systems (NGWOS) Upper Colorado River Basin project.
This dataset contains polygons describing the propensity for deep snow.
This project links climate, hydrological, and ecological changes over the next 30 years in a Great Basin watershed. In recent years, climate variability on annual and decadal time scales has been recognized as greater than commonly perceived with increasing impacts on ecosystems and available water resources. Changes in vegetation distribution, composition and productivity resulting from climate change affect plant water use, which in turn can alter stream flow, groundwater and eventually available water resources. To better understand these links, project researchers implemented two computer-based numeric models in the Cleve Creek watershed in the Schell Creek Range, east of Ely, Nevada. The application of the...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2013,
CASC,
Cleve Creek,
Climate,
Completed,
These are model input and comparative data derived from post-fire aerial LiDAR acquired in May 2012 for a small basin in the Valles Caldera, Northern New Mexico to represent canopy characteristics post-fire. These characteristics include, (1) canopy closure, (2) edginess to the north, (3) edginess to the south, (4) leaf area index, (5) maximum tree height, (6) mean distance to canopy, (7) mean tree height, and (8) total gap area. These input data are intended to accompany a published report (The effects of wildfire on snow water resources estimated from canopy disturbance patterns and meteorological conditions [Moeser, Broxton and Harpold, 2019]). Each characteristic is provided in an individual ascii file. All...
This set of 4 rasters shows precipitation as snow (mm) for Western North America under the A1B Emissions Scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). One layer shows the historic period (1961 to 1990), and there are three layers of future climate projections representing the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2080s. These future layers are ensemble averages across all 23 CMIP3 AOGCMs (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models). All layers have a resolution of 1 km, and are designed to capture climate gradients, temperature inversions, and rain shadows in the mountainous landscape of western North America.
This collection includes several datasets related to the fraction of precipitation days that are snowy (vs. rainy) and the amount of precipitation that likely falls as snow across Alaska. Both historical and future projections are included. Files include: Climatological summaries of downscaled historical and projected decadal average monthly snowfall equivalent ("SWE", in millimeters), the ratio of snowfall equivalent to precipitation, and future change in snowfall for October to March at 771 meter spatial resolution across the state of Alaska. Historical downscaled estimates of decadal average monthly snow-day fraction ("fs", units = percent probability from 1 to 100) for each month of the decades from 1900 through...
Volume-weighted mean concentrations of nitrate (NO3?), ammonium (NH4+), and sulfate (SO42?) in precipitation were compared at high-elevation sites in Colorado from 1992 to 1997 to evaluate emission source areas to the east and west of the Rocky Mountains. Precipitation chemistry was measured by two sampling methods, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) and snowpack surveys at maximum accumulation. Concentrations of NO3? and SO42? in winter precipitation were greater on the western slope of the Rockies, and concentrations of NO3? and NH4+ in summer precipitation were greater on the eastern slope. Summer concentrations in general were almost twice as high as winter concentrations....
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Atmospheric Environment,
National Atmospheric Deposition Program,
National Trends Network,
air pollution,
ammonium,
The dataset “Glacier_National_Park_alpine_stream_sampling_watersheds,_2011-2013.shp” is a GIS shapefile of the drainage areas of each of the 129 alpine and glacial aquatic macroinvertebrate collection sites included in an analysis to test the prediction that glacier retreat reduces biodiversity in mountain ecosystems through the loss of uniquely adapted meltwater stream species in Glacier National Park, USA. In conjunction with the dataset “Minimum snow and ice coverage for GNP, 2003-2015”, this dataset was used to calculate the proportion of contemporary ice and snow coverage for each watershed drainage area.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Glacier National Park,
Montana,
biota,
cryosphere,
geospatial,
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