Filters: Tags: snow (X)
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Snow samples were collected in southeastern Idaho over two winters to assess trace element and common ion concentrations in air pollutant fallout across the region. The objectives were to: (1) develop snow sampling and analysis techniques that produce accurate and ultra-low measurements of a broad suite of fallout elements, (2) identify the spatial and temporal trends of the fallout elements across the region, (3) determine if there are unique combinations of fallout elements that are characteristic to the major source areas in the region (source area profiles), and (4) use pattern recognition and multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and classical least squares regression) to investigate...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Air pollutants,
Snow,
Trace elements and common ions
Climatic elements, such as temperature, precipitation, snow, wind, pressure, etc., are included and intended to portray the climate of the United States. The point data used to create the maps came from the National Climatic Data Center's extensive climate data archives. GIS tools used include ESRI's ArcInfo, ArcView, ArcIMS, as well as PRISM, a proprietary climate model. The Atlas' internet interface (html and javascript) communicates with ArcIMS to render the images.
Categories: Data;
Types: Application;
Tags: National Climate Data Center,
United States,
Wyoming,
climate,
climate data,
This release provides data collected by the climate monitoring array of the U.S. Department of the Interior on Federal lands in Arctic Alaska over the period August 1998 to July 2019; this array is part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (DOI/GTN-P). In addition to presenting data, this release also describes monitoring, data collection, and quality-control methods. The array of 16 monitoring stations spans lat 68.5°N. to 70.5°N. and long 142.5°W. to 161°W., an area of approximately 150,000 square kilometers. Data collection is ongoing and includes the following climate- and permafrost-related variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, ground temperature, soil moisture, snow depth, rainfall...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Alaska,
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge,
CLIMATE,
MONITORING,
National Petroleum Reserve,
This map shows the factors that may contribute to potential dust sources that could contribute to accelerated snow melt. These factors include soil factors, low vegetation cover, invasive annual vegetation, and land use. These data are provided by Bureau of Land Management (BLM) "as is" and may contain errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider...
This map service includes data on common variables of climate for Canada. Layers in this map service include daylight hours in December and June (solstice months), annual min, max, and mean temperatures, total rainfall and total snowfall. Data for all layers represent mean values from 1951 to 1980. Map Service published and hosted by Esri Canada, © 2011.
Categories: Data;
Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service,
Map Service;
Tags: Canada,
Climate,
Daylight,
ESRI Canada,
Education,
The U.S. Forest Service plans to conduct forest restoration treatments through the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) on hundreds of thousands of acres of ponderosa pine forest along the Mogollon Rim of Arizona over the next 20 years with the goals of reducing wildfire hazard and improving forest health. The 4FRI’s key objective is to thin and burn the forests to create within-stand openings that “promote snowpack accumulation and retention which benefit groundwater recharge and watershed processes at the fine (1 to 10 acres) scale.” However, little is known about how these openings created by restoration treatments affect snow water equivalence (SWE) and soil moisture, which are key parts of the water balance...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2013,
AL-04,
AZ-01,
Academics & scientific researchers,
Applications and Tools,
Understanding snow conditions is key to developing a better understanding of hydrologic, biological, and ecosystem processes at work in northern Alaska. The required snow datasets currently do not exist at spatial or temporal scales needed by end users such as scientists, land managers, and policy makers. There are a wide variety of snow datasets that may be generated by this project. The list of desired datasets will be refined based on input from potential end users. However, outputs could include daily spatial distributions spanning the spatial and temporal domains of interest of the following variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, surface (skin) temperature, incoming solar radiation,...
Categories: Data,
Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE,
AIR TEMPERATURE,
ALBEDO,
ALBEDO,
Academics & scientific researchers,
This dataset includes Snow Density(sden) for northern Alaska in GeoTiff format, covering the years 1980-2012. Snow Density is defined as density on 1 March(kg/m3). The dataset was generated by the Arctic LCC SNOWDATA: Snow Datasets for Arctic Terrestrial Applications project.The dataset is delivered in the ZIP archive file format. Each year is output in a separate GeoTiff file, where the year is indicated by the filename.Over the last 20 years, under a variety of NOAA, NSF, and NASA research programs, a snow-evolution modeling system has been developed that includes the MicroMet micrometeorological model, the SnowModel snow-process model, and the SnowAssim data assimilation model. These modeling tools can be thought...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: AIR TEMPERATURE,
AIR TEMPERATURE,
ALBEDO,
ALBEDO,
Academics & scientific researchers,
Throughout the Arctic most pregnant polar bears (Ursus maritimus) construct maternity dens in seasonal snowdrifts that form in wind-shadowed areas. We developed and verified a spatial snowdrift polar bearden habitat model (SnowDens-3D) that predicts snowdrift locations and depths along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coast. SnowDens-3D integrated snow physics, weather data, and a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) to produce predictions of the timing, distribution, and growth of snowdrifts suitable for polar bear dens. SnowDens-3D assimilated 18 winters (1995 through 2012) of observed daily meteorological data and a 2.5 m grid-increment DEM covering 337.5 km2 of the Beaufort Sea coast, and described the snowdrift...
Abstract: We present an inverse modeling approach for reconstructing the effective thermal conductivity of snow on a daily basis using air temperature, ground temperature and snow depth measurements. The method is applied to four sites in Alaska. To validate the method we used measured snow densities and snow water equivalents. The modeled thermal conductivities of snow for the two interior Alaska sites have relatively low values and reach their maximum near the end of the snow season, while the conductivities at the two sites on the Alaskan North Slope are higher and reach their maximum earlier in the snow season. We show that the reconstructed daily thermal conductivities allow for more accurate modeling of ground...
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Alaska CSC,
Climate and Ecosystem Modeling,
SWE,
Snow thermal conductivity,
Thermal properties,
The application of two management strategies were tested across nine, Class III, wetland catchments located at the Woodworth Study Area (Stutsman County, ND). This field study took place during 2014 and 2015. 2014 was a pre-treatment year and snow measurements were taken in all experimental catchments in the late February 2015, before treatments were applied. Temporary electric fences were installed surrounding each wetland catchment to exclude them from grazing that took place on the management unit in 2015. All the catchments had been managed in a similar manner since purchased by USFWS in 1964. The primary management strategy of the wetland catchments from 1964–2013 was non-use with occasional prescribed burning....
Categories: Data,
Data Release - In Progress;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service,
Shapefile;
Tags: environment,
farming,
grassland management,
inlandWaters,
snow,
Whole air drawn from four heights within the high elevation (3,340 m asl), deep, winter snowpack at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, were sampled into stainless steel canisters, and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography for 51 volatile inorganic and organic gases. Two adjacent plots with similar snow cover were sampled, one over bare soil and a second one from within a snow-filled chamber where Tedlar/Teflon-film covered the ground and isolated it from the soil. This comparison allowed for studying effects from processes in the snowpack itself versus soil influences on the gas concentrations and fluxes within and through the snowpack. Samples were also collected from ambient air above the snow surface for comparison...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Biogeochemistry,
CFC,
Fluxes,
HCFC,
Hydrocarbons,
Although freeze?thaw cycles can alter soil physical properties and microbial activity, their overall impact on soil functioning remains unclear. This review addresses the effects of freeze?thaw cycles on soil physical properties, microorganisms, carbon and nutrient dynamics, trace gas losses and higher organisms associated with soil. I discuss how the controlled manipulation of freeze?thaw cycles has varied widely among studies and propose that, despite their value in demonstrating the mechanisms of freeze?thaw action in soils, many studies of soil freeze?thaw cycles have used cycle amplitudes, freezing rates and minimum temperatures that are not relevant to temperature changes across much of the soil profile in...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Journal Citation;
Tags: Soil Biology and Biochemistry,
carbon,
climate,
freeze?thaw cycle,
microbial biomass,
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has an extensive history of monitoring snow and ice coverage. Accurate monitoring of global snow and ice cover is a key component in the study of climate and global change as well as daily weather forecasting. By inspecting environmental satellite imagery, analysts from the Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) at the Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution (OSDPD), Satellite Services Division (SSD), created a Northern Hemisphere snow and ice map from November 1966 until the National Ice Center (NIC) took over production in 2008. Initially, the product was produced...
This data release contains model input and output data associated with a published report (The effects of wildfire on snow water resources estimated from canopy disturbance patterns and meteorological conditions [Moeser, Broxton and Harpold, 2019]) where specific descriptions of the data can be found. The input data are derived from pre- and post-fire aerial LiDAR acquired in June 2010 and May 2012 respectively, for a small basin in the Jemez Mountains, northern, New Mexico. Data were process (analyzed?) to represent forest canopy characteristics pre- and post-fire. These characteristics include, (1) canopy closure, (2) edginess to the north, (3) edginess to the south, (4) leaf area index, (5) maximum tree height,...
Locations of NRCS SNOTEL monitoring sites in the San Luis Valley - Taos Plateau study area. SNOTEL locations were obtained from NRCS (http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/). The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) installs, operates and maintains an extensive, automat-ed system call SNOTEL (short for Snow Telemetry). SNOTEL is designed to collect snowpack and related climatic data in the Western U.S. and Alaska. In 1935, NRCS, then the Soil Conservation Service, established a formal cooperative Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting (SSWSF) Program to conduct snow surveys and develop accurate and reliable water supply forecasts. The Program operates under technical guidance from the NRCS National Water...
Climate change is expected to impact the thermal regimes of streams and otherfreshwater ecosystems (Schindler 2001, Malmqvist and Rundle 2002, Poff et al. 2002). Whileincreased air temperatures will have direct effects on water temperature, indirect effects due tochanges in precipitation patterns, groundwater characteristics, and flow regimes (Perkins et al.2010) may have much larger effects. We explored 1) how variation in hydrologicalcharacteristics of streams mediate their thermal regimes, 2) how geomorphic features ofwatersheds regulated stream water sources and, therefore, thermal characteristics, and 3) whetherpatterns of thermal variation among streams correlate with the life-history characteristics ofPacific...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Academics & scientific researchers,
Federal resource managers,
LAKES,
LAKES,
LCC Network Science Catalog,
Executive Summary and Table of Contents for the “Hydroclimate Observations in Arctic Alaska: Analysis of Past Networks and Recommendations for the Future” report. This report was produced by the Hydroclimatological data rescue, data inventory, network analysis, and data distribution project.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: ABLATION,
ABLATION,
ACTIVE LAYER,
ACTIVE LAYER,
ALBEDO,
These light detection and ranging (lidar) point clouds (LPCs) were generated from lidar data collected during multiple field campaigns in three study areas near Winter Park, Colorado. Small, uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) collected lidar datasets to represent snow-covered and snow-free periods. More information regarding the sUAS used and data collection methods can be found in the Supplemental Information and process step sections of each study area metadata file.
These are Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) SnowPALM model output data for an area in the Valles Caldera, northern New Mexico. These post-fire model output data are intended to accompany a published report (The effects of wildfire on snow water resources estimated from canopy disturbance patterns and meteorological conditions [Moeser, Broxton and Harpold, 2019]). All data are in a gridded format where the lower left hand corner is located at 3979325 north, and 371710 east in Zone 13N with a map datum of NAD83. The grid is comprised of 1000 rows by 1100 columns with a grid cell size of 1m for a total domain size of 1.0km x 1.1km. Data output is on a daily time step and ranges between the 1st of September 1981 (labeled:...
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