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Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States, Volume 1 This report is volume 1 of a two-volume ecological assessment of grassland ecosystems in the Southwestern United States. Broadscale assessments are syntheses of current scientific knowledge, including a description of uncertainties and assumptions, to provide a characterization and comprehensive description of ecological, social, and economic components within an assessment area. Volume 1 of this assessment focuses on the ecology, types, conditions, and management practices of Southwestern grasslands. The second volume, due to be published in 2005, describes wildlife and fish species, their habitat requirements, and species-specific management concerns, in Southwestern grasslands. This assessment is regional in... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, Chihuahuan Desert, English, GIS, OHV, All tags... Sonoran Desert, agriculture, amphibian, biodiversity, bird, climate, connectivity, contamination, cultural, development, endangered, energy, erosion, fire, fish, grassland, grazing, invasive, inventory, invertebrate, land cover, mammal, management, map, mining, model, monitoring, oil, ownership, plan, plant, priority, protected area, rare, recreation, reptile, research, resilience, restoration, riparian, road, scrub, shrub, soil, stream, threat, threatened, vegetation, vulnerability, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado Soil denitrification is an ecologically important nitrogen removal mechanism that releases to the atmosphere the greenhouse gas N2O, an intermediate product from the reduction of NO3 − to N2. In this study we evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and denitrification potential in watersheds with bedrock acting as a nonpoint source of nitrogen, testing the hypothesis that nitrate leaching to stream water is in part regulated by denitrification. Two sites, one in a Mediterranean climate and the other in an arid climate, were investigated to understand the interplay between carbon and denitrification potential. Both sites included carbonaceous bedrock with relatively high nitrogen concentrations (>1,000 mg N... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: carbon, denitrification, soil, weathering SORPTION OF 99mTc RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS BY SOILS Study of the sorption of 99mTc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils has assessed the fate of these compounds in the event of a surface spill and examined the potential of these compounds as hydrologic tracers. Sorption from deionized water, filtered Missouri River water, and artificial seawater by five surface soils was investigated. For all water types, the Tc radiopharmaceutical compounds showed greater sorption than the uncomplexed pertechnetate. The most lipophilic complexes showed the highest sorption on soils. Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: 99mTc, Soil, adsorption, radiopharmaceuticals Productivity responses to altered rainfall patterns in a C4-dominated grassland. Rainfall variability is a key driver of ecosystem structure and function in grasslands worldwide. Changes in rainfall patterns predicted by global climate models for the central United States are expected to cause lower and increasingly variable soil water availability, which may impact net primary production and plant species composition in native Great Plains grasslands. We experimentally altered the timing and quantity of growing season rainfall inputs by lengthening inter-rainfall dry intervals by 50%, reducing rainfall quantities by 30%, or both, compared to the ambient rainfall regime in a native tallgrass prairie ecosystem in northeastern Kansas. Over three growing seasons, increased rainfall variability... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Andropogon, Andropogon: growth & development, Biomass, Climate, Oecologia, All tags... Population Dynamics, Rain, Soil, Water, Fewer tags Darkness visible: reflections on underground ecology * 1 Soil science and ecology have developed independently, making it difficult for ecologists to contribute to urgent current debates on the destruction of the global soil resource and its key role in the global carbon cycle. Soils are believed to be exceptionally biodiverse parts of ecosystems, a view confirmed by recent data from the UK Soil Biodiversity Programme at Sourhope, Scotland, where high diversity was a characteristic of small organisms, but not of larger ones. Explaining this difference requires knowledge that we currently lack about the basic biology and biogeography of micro-organisms. * 2 It seems inherently plausible that the high levels of biological diversity in soil play some part in determining... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Journal of Ecology, biodiversity, global change, invasive species, mycorrhizas, All tags... soil, Fewer tags Challenges to incorporating spatially and temporally explicit phenomena (hotspots and hot moments) in denitrification models Denitrification, the anaerobic reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogenous gases, is an extremely challenging process to measure and model. Much of this challenge arises from the fact that small areas (hotspots) and brief periods (hot moments) frequently account for a high percentage of the denitrification activity that occurs in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, we describe the prospects for incorporating hotspot and hot moment phenomena into denitrification models in terrestrial soils, the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and in aquatic ecosystems. Our analysis suggests that while our data needs are strongest for hot moments, the greatest modeling challenges are for hotspots.... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Biogeochemistry, Denitrification, Nitrogen, Riparian, Sediment, All tags... Soil, Springer Netherlands, Stream, Fewer tags Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado Soil denitrification is an ecologically important nitrogen removal mechanism that releases to the atmosphere the greenhouse gas N2O, an intermediate product from the reduction of NO3 ? to N2. In this study we evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and denitrification potential in watersheds with bedrock acting as a nonpoint source of nitrogen, testing the hypothesis that nitrate leaching to stream water is in part regulated by denitrification. Two sites, one in a Mediterranean climate and the other in an arid climate, were investigated to understand the interplay between carbon and denitrification potential. Both sites included carbonaceous bedrock with relatively high nitrogen concentrations (>1,000 mg N... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: American Geophysical Union, Journal of Geophysical Research, carbon, denitrification, soil, All tags... weathering, Fewer tags A Linkage Network for the California Deserts The rapidly increasing demands being placed on our deserts points to the urgent need for a connectivity assessment that spans multiple jurisdictional boundaries and promotes the partnerships needed to implement a regional conservation strategy for this diverse and striking landscape. The vast scale of renewable energy developments proposed in the California deserts are likely to impact habitat connectivity, alter essential ecosystem functions, and eliminate opportunities for species to shift their ranges in response to climate change. The potential impacts of energy development on our existing public lands, specifically to wildlife and their ability to move across the landscape, are enormous. The primary goal of... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: BMP, California, GIS, OHV, assessment, All tags... biodiversity, climate, connectivity, development, endangered, energy, erosion, fire, grassland, grazing, groundwater, invasive, land cover, management, map, mining, model, ownership, plan, priority, protected area, rare, renewable, restoration, riparian, river, road, scrub, shrub, soil, spring, stream, threatened, vegetation, water, watershed, wetland, wildlife, Fewer tags « 1 2 3