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Report and Publications: Assessing Evapotranspiration Rate Changes for Proposed Restoration of the Forested Uplands of the DLCC Final Report - Executive Summary: This final project report is prepared to summarize the research project titled “Assessing evapotranspiration rate changes for proposed restoration of the forested uplands of the Desert Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCC)” for the Desert LCC of the Bureau of Reclamation as a requirement for closing out the project. This report includes the scope of work, summary of research project, results, and conclusions.Among all of the components of the terrestrial water cycle, evapotranspiration (ET) consumes the largest amount of water. Accurate estimation of ET is very important to understand the influence of ET to the hydrologic response of recharge and runoff processes in the water... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR, ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR, All tags... AZ-01, Applications and Tools, Arizona, Datasets/Database, EARTH SCIENCE, EARTH SCIENCE, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Northern Arizona, Publication, Publication, Publication, Report, United States, WATER VAPOR PROCESSES, WATER VAPOR PROCESSES, adaptation, best management practice (BMP), biota, climate change, completed, drought, ecosystem services, fire, forest, groundwater, hydrology, land cover, management, model, native, plant, product, remote sensing, resilience, restoration, snow, soil, topography, vegetation, water availability, water budget, watershed, Fewer tags Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado On 28 July 1999, about 480 alpine debris flows were triggered by an afternoon thunderstorm along the Continental Divide in Clear Creek and Summit counties in the central Front Range of Colorado. The thunderstorm produced about 43 mm of rain in 4 h, 35 mm of which fell in the first 2 h. Several debris flows triggered by the storm impacted Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 6, and the Arapahoe Basin ski area. We mapped the debris flows from color aerial photography and inspected many of them in the field. Three processes initiated debris flows. The first process initiated 11% of the debris flows and involved the mobilization of shallow landslides in thick, often well vegetated, colluvium. The second process, which... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Colorado, Geomorphology, North American monsoon, alpine environment, alpine soils, All tags... debris flow, front range, rainfall, topography, Fewer tags Aeolian dust erosion on different types of hills in a rocky desert: wind tunnel simulations and field measurements Aeolian erosion of natural dust on two types of hills located in a rocky desert was investigated by means of wind tunnel simulations and field measurements. The first hill showed an elongated, nearly symmetric shape and was oriented perpendicular to the wind, whereas the second hill was almost perfectly conical. Erosion was measured along three transects: one across the elongated hill (transect parallel to the wind) and two across the conical hill (transects perpendicular to each other and crossing at the summit). In the field, erosion was measured on erosion plots during two wind storms. In the wind tunnel, erosion was measured on topographic scale models. The wind tunnel experiments and field experiments showed... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Journal of Arid Environments, aeolian dust, desert, erosion, topography, All tags... wind, wind tunnel, Fewer tags Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach- and plot-scale understanding to the catchment scale The relationship between catchment structure and runoff characteristics is poorly understood. In steep headwater catchments with shallow soils the accumulation of hillslope area (upslope accumulated area (UAA)) is a hypothesized first-order control on the distribution of soil water and groundwater. Hillslope-riparian water table connectivity represents the linkage between the dominant catchment landscape elements (hillslopes and riparian zones) and the channel network. Hydrologic connectivity between hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) landscape elements is heterogeneous in space and often temporally transient. We sought to test the relationship between UAA and the existence and longevity of HRS shallow groundwater... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Riparian, hillslope, hydrologic connectivity, landscape analysis, topography, All tags... ungaged basins, Fewer tags Atmospheric Water Balance and Hydrology of the Upper Colorado River Basin The atmospheric water balance over the upper Colorado River is evaluated twice daily for the seven winter seasons 1957?1963. The atmospheric water balance yields the exchange of water and water vapor at the earth-atmosphere interface through the observation of the spatial and time distributions and fluxes of water vapor in the atmosphere over the basin. The quantity precipitation minus evaporation is determined as a residual of the computation and is accumulated for daily and seasonal values. In addition, a natural period analysis is performed; the natural periods are delineated by homogeneity in the parameter precipitation minus evaporation. The dry periods are shown to exhibit a seasonal trend in evaporation rate... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Water Resources Research, atmospheric water balance, climatology, colorado river, colorado river basin, All tags... discharge (water), evaporation, hydrologic budget, hydrologic cycle, hydrology, networks, precipitation, precipitation gages, rain gages, rainfall-runoff relationships, synoptic analysis, topography, water balance, Fewer tags Shapefile depicting conservation priority areas on Bureau of Land Management lands in the 11 western states The areas depicted in this shapefile were derived for an analysis of potential conservation priority areas on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands across 11 western states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: English, GIS, US, biodiversity, climate, All tags... connectivity, ecoregion, map, model, ownership, plant, priority, protected area, rare, resilience, road, topography, vegetation, water, wildlife, Fewer tags Hillslope hydrologic connectivity controls riparian groundwater turnover: Implications of catchment structure for riparian buffering and stream water sources Hydrologic connectivity between catchment upland and near stream areas is essential for the transmission of water, solutes, and nutrients to streams. However, our current understanding of the role of riparian zones in mediating landscape hydrologic connectivity and the catchment scale export of water and solutes is limited. We tested the relationship between the duration of hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) hydrologic connectivity and the rate and degree of riparian shallow groundwater turnover along four HRS well transects within a set of nested mountain catchments (Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, MT). Transect HRS water table connectivity ranged from 9 to 123 days during the annual snowmelt hydrograph. Hillslope... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Riparian, Runoff generation, hillslope, hydrograph separation, hydrologic connectivity, All tags... topography, water quality, Fewer tags The Human Footprint in the West The human footprint map focuses on shrubland ecosystems and combines models of habitat use by synanthropic predators (“top-down” effects) and the risk of invasive plant presence (“bottom-up” effects) to estimate the total influence of human activities. Humans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion, construction of roads, power lines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. We developed the map of the human footprint for the western United States from... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: English, GIS, US, agriculture, connectivity, All tags... contamination, development, energy, fire, invasive, map, model, oil, plant, road, soil, threat, topography, vegetation, Fewer tags Modeling snowdrift habitat for polar bear dens Throughout the Arctic most pregnant polar bears (Ursus maritimus) construct maternity dens in seasonal snowdrifts that form in wind-shadowed areas. We developed and verified a spatial snowdrift polar bearden habitat model (SnowDens-3D) that predicts snowdrift locations and depths along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coast. SnowDens-3D integrated snow physics, weather data, and a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) to produce predictions of the timing, distribution, and growth of snowdrifts suitable for polar bear dens. SnowDens-3D assimilated 18 winters (1995 through 2012) of observed daily meteorological data and a 2.5 m grid-increment DEM covering 337.5 km2 of the Beaufort Sea coast, and described the snowdrift... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, ANIMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, Academics & scientific researchers, All tags... Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative data.gov, BEARS, BEARS, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Publication, REGULATORY MODELS, REGULATORY MODELS, SNOW, SNOW, SNOW COVER, SNOW COVER, SNOW DEPTH, SNOW DEPTH, SNOW DEPTH, SNOW DEPTH, State agencies, TOPOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, WIND SPEED/WIND DIRECTION, WIND SPEED/WIND DIRECTION, biota, biota, completed, elevation, elevation, environment, environment, geoscientificInformation, geoscientificInformation, Fewer tags Journal Article: Geographic Variability in Elevation and Topographic Constraints on the Distribution of Native and Nonnative Trout in the Great Basin Understanding local and geographic factors influencing species distributions is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Our objective in this study was to model local and geographic variability in elevations occupied by native and nonnative trout in the northwestern Great Basin, USA. To this end, we analyzed a large existing data set of trout presence (5,156 observations) to evaluate two fundamental factors influencing occupied elevations: climate-related gradients in geography and local constraints imposed by topography. We applied quantile regression to model upstream and downstream distribution elevation limits for each trout species commonly found in the region (two native and two nonnative species). With... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, Cold desert, Data Acquisition and Development, EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LANDSCAPE, Federal resource managers, All tags... Great Basin, LCC Network Science Catalog, Nevada, Population & Habitat Evaluation/Projection, Publication, Report, State agencies, biota, california, climate change, coldwater fish, completed, elevation, environment, inlandWaters, lahontan, oregon, topography, trout, Fewer tags Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in the Shortgrass Steppe: The Relative Importance of Topography, Grazing, Microsite, and Plant Species in Controlling Spatial Patterns We conducted a study to evaluate the relative importance of topography, grazing, the location of individual plants (microsite), and plant species in controlling the spatial variability of soil organic matter in shortgrass steppe ecosystems. We found that the largest spatial variation occurs in concert with topography and with microsite-scale heterogeneity, with relatively little spatial variability due to grazing or to plant species. Total soil C and N, coarse and fine particulate organic matter C and N, and potentially mineralizable C were significantly affected by topography, with higher levels in toeslope positions than in midslopes or summits. Soils beneath individual plants (Bouteloua gracilis and Opuntia polyacantha)... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Ecosystems, Springer New York, grazing, microsite, shortgrass steppe, All tags... soil organic matter, spatial variability, topography, Fewer tags Species diversity and functional composition of pastures that vary in landscape position and grazing management The productivity of grasslands depends in part on their diversity of species and functional composition. Our objective was to examine the effects of three landscape positions (summit, backslope, and toeslope) and three stocking systems (continuous, rotational, and nongrazed) on species diversity and percentage of cover of grass, legume, and weed species functional types in southeastern Iowa pastures. Data were collected in 0.2-m2 plots randomly distributed throughout each of four replicate pastures in spring and summer 2000 and 2001. Backslope landscape positions within pastures managed with either continuous or rotational stocking contained the greatest overall diversity of species. Across years, overall species... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Agroecosistema, Agroecosystem, Agroécosystème, America, America del norte, All tags... Amérique, Amérique du Nord, Crop Science Society of America, Crop science, Diversidad especies, Diversité espèces, Estados Unidos, Etats Unis, Fodder crop, Grazing, Iowa, North America, Pastizal, Pastoreo, Pasture, Planta forrajera, Plante fourragère, Pâturage, Pâture, Species diversity, Topografía, Topographie, Topography, United States, Fewer tags