Beach topography and nearshore bathymetry of northern Monterey Bay, California

This data release presents beach topography and nearshore bathymetry data from repeated surveys in northern Monterey Bay, California to document changes in shoreline position and coastal morphology as they relate to episodic (storms), seasonal, and interannual and longer (e.g. El Niño) processes. The ongoing monitoring program was initiated in October 2014 with semi-annual surveys performed in late summer (September or October) and Spring (March). Nearshore bathymetry and topography data were collected along a series of shore-perpendicular transects spaced primarily at 50-250 m intervals between Santa Cruz and Moss Landing, California (fig. 1). The transects were located along sandy stretches of the coastline...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, CMGP, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Echo Sounders, GPS (Global Positioning System), All tags... GPS measurement, Geophysics, Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, LIDAR, Monterey Bay, Monterey County, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Pacific Ocean, Santa Cruz County, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Water Depth, bathymetry, bathymetry measurement, coastal sediment budget, digital elevation models, elevation, single-beam echo sounder, topographic mapping, topography, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-05-27

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Pointclouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, August 2022

This part of the data release presents topography data from the Elwha River delta collected in August 2022. Topography data were collected on foot with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers mounted on backpacks.

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, CMHRP, Clallam County, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Elwha River, All tags... GPS measurement, Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Olympic Peninsula, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Strait of Juan de Fuca, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, elevation, topography, Fewer tags

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, February 2016

This portion of the USGS data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetric and topographic surveys conducted on the Elwha River delta in February 2016 (USGS Field Activity Number 2016-608-FA). Nearshore bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs) and a kayak equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. Topographic data were collected on foot with survey-grade GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Positions of the survey platforms were referenced to a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96 realization)...

Types: Citation; Tags: Clallum County, Echo Sounders, Elwha River, GPS (Global Positioning System), Olympic Peninsula, All tags... Strait of Juan de Fuca, Water Depth, bathymetry measurement, digital elevation models, elevation, topography, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-06-26

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Pointclouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-12-21

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. Point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Point clouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-12-07

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using a UAS-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. Point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Ricoh GR camera in DNG format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Point clouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2016

This portion of the USGS data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetric and topographic surveys conducted on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in July 2016 (USGS Field Activity Number 2016-653-FA). Nearshore bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs) and a kayak equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Topography data were collected on foot with survey-grade GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Positions of the survey platforms were referenced to a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96 realization)...

Types: Citation; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Echo Sounders, GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS measurement, Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, All tags... Water Depth, bathymetry, bathymetry measurement, digital elevation models, elevation, single-beam echo sounder, topographic mapping, topography, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2018-01-29

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. Point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Point clouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 1967-10-18

Presented here is a point cloud produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from historical U.S. Air Force vertical aerial imagery, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was downloaded from USGS Eros Data Center and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Point clouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, May 2012

This portion of the USGS data release presents topography data collected during surveys performed on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in May 2012 (USGS Field Activity Number W-03-12-PS). Topography data were collected on foot with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) equipment mounted on backpacks operating primarily in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. A total of 4 GNSS backpacks, each equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS receiver and handheld data collector, were used during the survey. Differential corrections were transmitted at 1-Hz intervals by a VHF radio to the backpack GNSS receivers from a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American...

Categories: Data; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Clallam County, Elwha River, GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS measurement, All tags... Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Olympic Peninsula, Strait of Juan de Fuca, elevation, topography, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-05-19

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point Cloud Coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Pointclouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-03-08

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Point clouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Topographic point clouds for the Mud Creek landslide, Big Sur, California from structure-from-motion photogrammetry from aerial photographs

This data release contains structure-from-motion (SfM) point cloud data from aerial surveys conducted over the Mud Creek landslide on Big Sur from 1967-2018. Data sources include scanned aerial photographs, digital images collected from fixed wing aircraft, and digital images collected from multirotor UAS.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, SfM, Structure from Motion, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, elevation data, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-10-12

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using a UAS-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Ricoh GR camera in DNG format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Pointclouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Structure-from-motion point cloud of Mud Creek, Big Sur, California, 2017-06-13

Presented here is a point cloud collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) using an oblique plane-mounted camera system, covering the area of the Mud Creek landslide on California State Route 1 (SR1), Mud Creek, Big Sur, California. The point cloud is referenced to previously published lidar data and contains RGB information as well as XYZ. Point cloud coordinates are in NAD83 UTM Zone 10 meters. Imagery was collected with a Nikon D800 camera in RAW format and processed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry with Agisoft PhotoScan version 1.2.8 through 1.3.2. Pointclouds were clipped to an AOI using LASTools. The AOI was created from a KMZ in Google Earth and transformed to a shapefile using ArcMap 10.5.

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Big Sur, CMHRP, California, Cape San Martin, All tags... Central California Coastal, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Monterey, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, United States, Villa Creek, aerial and satellite photography, aerial photography, agents of coastal change, anthropogenic agents of coastal change, coastal change hazards topics, coastal landslides, coastal landsliding, coastal processes, coastal processes, coastal sediment budget, coastal zone management, effects of coastal change, elevation, geomorphology, geoscientificInformation, hazards, hazards and disasters, human responses to coastal change, image analysis, image collections, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, landslides, remote sensing, topography, transportation, Fewer tags

Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2017

This portion of the USGS data release presents topography data collected during surveys performed on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in July 2017 (USGS Field Activity Number 2017-638-FA). Topography data were collected on foot with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) equipment mounted on backpacks operating primarily in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. A total of 6 GNSS backpacks, each equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS receiver and handheld data collector, were used during the survey. Differential corrections were transmitted at 1-Hz intervals by a VHF radio to the backpack GNSS receivers from a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North...

Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, CMHRP, Clallam County, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Elwha River, All tags... GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS measurement, Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Olympic Peninsula, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Strait of Juan de Fuca, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, elevation, topography, Fewer tags

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, May 2012

This portion of the USGS data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetric and topographic surveys conducted on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in May 2012 (USGS Field Activity Number W-03-12-PS). Nearshore bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs) equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Topography data were collected on foot with survey-grade GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Positions of the survey platforms were referenced to a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96 realization) and...

Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Echo Sounders, GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS measurement, Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, All tags... Water Depth, bathymetry, bathymetry measurement, digital elevation models, elevation, single-beam echo sounder, topographic mapping, topography, Fewer tags

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2017

This portion of the USGS data release presents digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from bathymetric and topographic surveys conducted on the Elwha River delta in July 2017 (USGS Field Activity Number 2017-638-FA). Nearshore bathymetry data were collected using two personal watercraft (PWCs) and a kayak equipped with single-beam echosounders and survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. Topographic data were collected on foot with survey-grade GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Positions of the survey platforms were referenced to a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (CORS96 realization)...

Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, CMHRP, Clallam County, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Echo Sounders, All tags... Elwha River, GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS measurement, Geomorphology, Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Olympic Peninsula, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Strait of Juan de Fuca, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Water Depth, bathymetry, bathymetry measurement, digital elevation models, elevation, single-beam echo sounder, topographic mapping, topography, Fewer tags

Topography data from the Elwha River delta, Washington, July 2016

This portion of the USGS data release presents topography data collected during surveys performed on the Elwha River delta, Washington, in July 2016 (USGS Field Activity Number 2016-653-FA). Topography data were collected on foot with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) equipment mounted on backpacks operating primarily in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. A total of 6 GNSS backpacks, each equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS receiver and handheld data collector, were used during the survey. Differential corrections were transmitted at 1-Hz intervals by a VHF radio to the backpack GNSS receivers from a GNSS base station placed on a benchmark with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North...

Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Clallam County, Elwha River, GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS measurement, All tags... Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, Olympic Peninsula, Strait of Juan de Fuca, elevation, topography, Fewer tags